Kwi-PrecisionSpring Works, xa abathengi bendibuza ukuba yeyiphi eyona "inamandla" intsimbi yasentwasahlobo yi, Ndiyazi ukuba bajonge ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza. Kodwa "onamandla" linokuthetha izinto ezahlukeneyo entwasahlobo. Kusenokuthetha ukuxhathisa ukuqhekeka, okanye ukumelana nokudinwa. Ndiza kuchaza ukuba yintoni eyenza intsimbi yasentwasahlobo yomelele kwaye yeyiphi evelele.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ezichaza amandla ensimbi yasentwasahlobo?
Amandla entsimbi yasentwasahlobo ayiyonto nje enye. Ingumxube weempawu. Ipropati nganye inceda intwasahlobo yenza umsebenzi wayo ngaphandle kokusilela.
Amandla entsimbi yasentwasahlobo achazwa ngokuyintloko ngamandla aphezulu okuqina, exhathisa ukwaphuka; amandla aphezulu esivuno, ukuthintela deformation esisigxina; kunye nobomi obuhle bokudinwa, ukuvumela imijikelo ephindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokusilela.
Ngena nzulu kwiiPropathi eziPhambili zokomelela kwentsimbi yaseNtwasahlobo
Ukusuka kumava am kubunjineli kunye nemithombo yokuvelisa, echaza "onamandla" kubandakanya ukuqonda iimpawu ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo. Ekuqaleni, Tensile strength mhlawumbi ngowona mlinganiselo othe ngqo. Olu lolona xinzelelo luphezulu lwezinto ezinokumelana nazo ngaphambi kokuba ziphuke okanye ziqhekeke. Ngentwasahlobo, Amandla okuqina aphezulu athetha ukuba inokuphatha imithwalo emikhulu ngaphandle kokuhlutha. Izinto eziphathekayo ezinomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni okanye izinto ezithile zokudibanisa zikholisa ukuba namandla aphezulu. Isibini, Unikeze Amandla ibaluleke ngokufanayo, ukuba akunjalo kwimithombo. Le yindawo apho izinto ziqala ukonakala ngokusisigxina. Intlakohlaza kufuneka ibuyele kwisimo sayo sokuqala emva kokuba icinezelwe, yandisiwe, okanye ijijekile. Ukuba idlula amandla ayo esivuno, "ithatha isethi" kwaye ilahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wayo. Amandla esivuno esiphezulu aqinisekisa ukuba intwasahlobo isebenza ngokuthembekileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Isithathu, Ukudinwa Ubomi ibalulekile kwimithombo ephindaphinda imijikelo. Oku kulinganisa ukuba mangaphi amaxesha entwasahlobo inokulayishwa kwaye yothulwe phambi kokuba iqhawuke. Nokuba umthombo usebenza ngaphantsi kwamandla esivuno sawo, isenokusilela kukudinwa kwimijikelo emininzi. Izinto eziphathekayo ezinomphezulu ogqityiweyo, unyango oluthile lobushushu, kunye nezinto ezithile ze-alloying zibonisa ukuxhathisa ukudinwa okugqwesileyo. UDavid uhlala egxile kubomi bokudinwa kuba izixhobo zakhe zemizi-mveliso kulindeleke ukuba zisebenze izigidi zemijikelo ngaphandle kokusilela.. Kwi-PrecisionSpring Works, sihlala silinganisela ezi zakhiwo ukukhetha intsimbi "yomelele kakhulu" kwisicelo esithile.
| Ipropati | Ingcaciso | Ukubaluleka kweSprings | Isiphumo sePropati ephantsi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength | Uxinzelelo olukhulu ngaphambi kokuphuka | Uchasa ukwaphula phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu | Intwasa-hlobo iqhawuka ngaphambi kwexesha |
| Unikeze Amandla | Uxinzelelo apho i-deformation esisigxina iqala khona | Uqinisekisa ukubuyela entlakohlaza kwimo yokuqala (no 'set') | Intwasa-hlobo ikhubaza ngokusisigxina, iphelelwa ngamandla |
| Ukudinwa Ubomi | Inani lemijikelo phambi kokusilela | Ivumela ukusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokuphulwa | Intlakohlaza iyaphela emva kwemijikelo embalwa |
| Ukuqina | Ukuchasana nokuguqulwa kweplastiki yendawo | Ixhasa amandla okuqina aphezulu, nxiba ukumelana | Umphezulu wasentwasahlobo usengozini yokonakala, ubuthathaka jikelele |
| I-Ductility/Ukuqina | Ukukwazi ukuguqula iplastiki ngaphambi kokuphuka | Inqanda ukusilela okubuthathaka, ifunxa amandla empembelelo | Intlakohlaza iqhawuka ngesiquphe ngaphandle kwesilumkiso |
I always check these properties to define a spring's true strength.
Zeziphi iintsimbi eziphezulu zekhabhoni ezithathwa njengezinamandla kakhulu kwimithombo?
Iintsimbi eziphezulu zekhabhoni zingamahashe okusebenza ehlabathi lasentwasahlobo. Amanye amabakala abala ngamandla awo. Banikezela ngexabiso elihle kunye nokusebenza kwezicelo ezininzi.
Kwiintsimbi eziphezulu zekhabhoni, Ucingo lomculo (I-ASTM A228) ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengeyona inamandla, ukunika amandla akhethekileyo okuzibamba kunye nobomi bokudinwa, ngakumbi kwiidamitha ezincinci, ukuyenza ilungele imithombo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwenjongo jikelele.
Ngena nzulu kwiiNtsimbi zeKhabhoni ezomeleleyo
Kumava am, xa abantu becinga ngentsimbi eyomeleleyo yasentwasahlobo, Ucingo lomculo (I-ASTM A228) idla ngokufika engqondweni kuqala. Iyamangalisa ngokwenene intsimbi yekhabhoni engenanto. Inamandla amakhulu okuqina phakathi kwazo zonke iintsimbi zekhabhoni ezitsalwa ngokubanda. Oku kuthetha ukuba inokumelana namandla amaninzi okutsala phambi kokuba iqhawuke. Ukomelela kwayo okuphezulu kwakhona kukunika iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zokudinwa, oku kuthetha ukuba inokujikeleza abaninzi, amaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kokusilela. Ndihlala ndincoma ucingo lomculo lwemithombo echanekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo apho uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokunyakaza okuphindaphindiweyo kukho, umhlwa onikiweyo ayingomcimbi okanye unokulawulwa ngezogquma. Omnye umbangi onamandla ngu I-Oli-Tempered High-Carbon Steel (I-ASTM A229). Olu cingo luqiniswe ngaphambili kwaye lunomsindo, nto leyo inika amandla amahle kunye ductility. Ihlala isetyenziselwa imithombo emikhulu apho ucingo lomculo lunokubiza kakhulu okanye lungabikho kwiidayamitha ezinkulu kakhulu. Ngelixa amandla ayo okuqina anokuba ngaphantsi kancinci kunocingo lomculo kwidayamitha efanayo, inika ulungelelwaniso oluhle lwamandla, ubunzima, kunye nokubumba. UDavide usebenzisa ezi ntlobo zemithombo kwizixhobo zakhe ezininzi zemizi-mveliso apho iindleko-ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle zingundoqo. Ezi zintsimbi zifumana amandla azo kwikhabhoni ephezulu kunye nenkqubo yokubanda ebandayo (ngocingo lomculo) okanye unyango lobushushu (ngenxa ye-oyile-moya). Nangona kunjalo, Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezi zintsimbi zinekhabhoni ephezulu azixhathisi kakhulu kumhlwa kwaye azenzi kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphandle kokutyabeka okukhethekileyo okanye unyango..
| Uhlobo lweNtsimbi yeCarbon ephezulu | Iimpawu zokomelela ezingundoqo | Uluhlu lwaMandla oMzimba (malunga.) | Izinto Eziluncedo Ezingundoqo | Ukulinganiselwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ucingo lomculo (I-ASTM A228) | Amandla okuqina aphezulu, ubomi obubalaseleyo bokudinwa | 230-390 ksi (kuxhomekeke kwidayamitha) | Amandla aphezulu kakhulu, indleko-esebenzayo kwiisayizi ezincinci | Ukunganyangeki komhlwa, ubushushu obulinganiselweyo |
| I-oyile-ifuthe (I-ASTM A229) | Amandla okuqina okuhle, ukuqina okulungileyo | 190-280 ksi (kuxhomekeke kwidayamitha) | Umlinganiselo omhle wamandla-kuya-indleko, ukumila kakuhle | Ukunganyangeki komhlwa, ubushushu obulinganiselweyo |
| Itsalwe nzima (I-ASTM A227) | Amandla okuqina okuhle, uqoqosho oluhle | 180-260 ksi (kuxhomekeke kwidayamitha) | Uninzi lwezoqoqosho, ilungele injongo jikelele | Ubomi bokudinwa obuphantsi kunocingo lomculo, ubushushu obulinganiselweyo |
Ndihlala ndisebenzisa ucingo lomculo kwimithombo efuna amandla aphezulu ngexabiso elifanelekileyo.
Ziziphi iintsimbi ze-alloy ezinikezela amandla aphezulu kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo zasentwasahlobo?
Xa iimeko ziba nzima, iintsimbi zengxubevange ziyanyuka. Bongeze izinto ezibenza bomelele ngokugqithisileyo. Basenokusebenza nakwiindawo ezinzima.
Kuba amandla aphezulu kwizicelo ezizodwa, ISilicon yeChrome (I-ASTM A401) kwaye Chrome Vanadium (I-ASTM A231/A232) lukhetho oluphezulu phakathi kweentsimbi zealloy. Banikezela ngamandla okuqina aphezulu, ubomi obubalaseleyo bokudinwa, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Ngena nzulu kwiiNtsimbi zeAlloy ezomeleleyo
Xa ndifuna umthombo osebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima-amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu, okanye imijikelo yokudinwa—ndiguqukela kwiintsimbi zealloy. Ezi zixhobo zifumana amandla abo aphezulu kwizinto ezongezelelweyo ezixutywe kunye nentsimbi kunye nekhabhoni. ISilicon yeChrome (I-ASTM A401) ngumzekelo obalaseleyo. Yenye yezona zinto zinamandla kwaye zikwazi ukumelana nokudinwa kwe-spring steels ezikhoyo. Ukongezwa kwechromium kunye nesilicon kuphucula ukuqina kwayo, amandla, kwaye ingakumbi ukusebenza kwayo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ndihlala ndikhankanya isilicon ye-chrome kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo njengemithombo yevalvu ye-injini, apho imithombo ibonakaliswe kubushushu obukhulu kunye nezigidi zemijikelo yoxinzelelo. Ukukwazi kwayo ukugcina amandla kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu kuyinzuzo enkulu ngaphezu kweentsimbi zekhabhoni. Olunye ukhetho oluhle kakhulu Chrome Vanadium (I-ASTM A231/A232). Le ntsimbi ye-alloy inika amandla aphezulu kakhulu kunye neempawu ezintle zokudinwa, kunye nokuchasana okugqwesileyo ukothuka kunye nefuthe. UDavid uhlala esebenzisa i-chrome vanadium ekumisweni komsebenzi onzima okanye abanye oomatshini boshishino apho ngequbuliso, imithwalo ephezulu ixhaphakile. Umxholo we-vanadium unceda ukucokisa ukwakhiwa kweenkozo, okuphucula ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokudinwa. Ngeemfuno ezikhethekileyo ngakumbi, 17-7 PH Intsimbi engatyiwayo (I-ASTM A313), ngelixa kwakhona intsimbi engenasici, ifanele ukukhankanywa ngenxa yokomelela kwayo. Idibanisa ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokutya kunye namandla aphezulu anokuthelekiswa nezinye iintsimbi zealloy emva konyango lobushushu. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lukhetho olunamandla xa zombini amandla kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kubalulekile, njengakwezinye i-aerospace okanye izicelo zonyango. Ezi ntsimbi ze-alloy zibiza kakhulu kuneentsimbi zekhabhoni, kodwa iipropati zabo eziphuculweyo zihlala zithethelela iindleko zokubaluleka, izicelo eziphezulu zokusebenza.
| Uhlobo lwentsimbi ye-alloy | Iimpawu zokomelela ezingundoqo | Uluhlu lwaMandla oMzimba (malunga.) | Izinto Eziluncedo Ezingundoqo | IiMeko eziZodwa zokuSebenzisa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISilicon yeChrome (I-ASTM A401) | Amandla aphezulu kakhulu, ukudinwa okubalaseleyo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu | 220-300 ksi (kuxhomekeke kwidayamitha) | Igcina amandla kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ubomi bokudinwa kakhulu | Iivalve ze-injini, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu |
| Chrome Vanadium (I-ASTM A231/A232) | Amandla aphezulu okuqina, ukudinwa okulungileyo, ukuxhathisa ukothuka | 200-290 ksi (kuxhomekeke kwidayamitha) | Igqwesileyo kwimithwalo yokothuka, ukuqina okulungileyo | Ukunqunyanyiswa komsebenzi onzima, ukumelana nefuthe |
| 17-7 PH Ingenasici (I-ASTM A313) | Amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nomhlwa okugqwesileyo | 220-270 ksi (emva kokunyanga ubushushu) | Udibanisa amandla kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu lwe-corrosion | I-Aerospace, ezonyango, Imekobume ezonakalisayo ifuna amandla aphezulu |
Ndithembele kwezi zintsimbi zealloy kwimithombo ekufuneka isebenze ngokungenasiphako phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
Ukuqukumbela
Elona" linamandla" intsimbi yasentwasahlobo ixhomekeke kwisicelo, ngokuqwalasela amandla okuqina, ukudinwa, nezinto zokusingqongileyo. Ucingo lomculo lukhokelela kwiintsimbi eziphezulu zekhabhoni, ngelixa iintsimbi ze-alloy ezifana nesilicon ye-chrome kunye ne-chrome vanadium zinika amandla aphezulu kwiingcali, iimfuno zokusebenza eziphezulu.