How Do You Choose Between an Extension and a Compression Spring?
Your design needs a spring, but which one? Choosing incorrectly leads to bulky designs, unexpected failures, and a product that just doesn't feel right, costing you time and money.
A compression spring is designed to be pushed, storing energy when compressed and resisting a compressive force. An extension spring is designed to be pulled, storing energy when stretched and providing a return force to bring components back together. They are mechanical opposites.
Amin'ny 14 taona famokarana loharano mahazatra, the most common source of early-stage design failure[^ 1] is a misunderstanding of this fundamental choice. I once visited a small company that had designed a new type of exercise machine. They used two large compression springs to provide resistance. The problem was, the mechanism had to pull on these springs using a complex and bulky system of levers and cables. The machine was heavy, lafo, and felt awkward to use. We redesigned it using extension springs, which simplified the entire mechanism[^ 2], cut the weight in half, and made the motion feel smooth and natural. They were trying to make a pulling mechanism[^ 2] work with a pushing spring, and it was a perfect lesson in why choosing the right type from the start is so critical.
When Should You Use a Pushing Force Instead of a Pulling Force?
You need to create resistance in your device, fa ny mechanism[^ 2] is becoming overly complex. This adds unnecessary parts, increases the chance of failure, and drives up your manufacturing costs.
Use a compression spring for pushing force[^ 3] when you need to provide support, mitroka fahatairana, na manasaraka singa roa. Mampiasà loharano fanitarana hisintonana hery rehefa mila miverina a mechanism[^ 2] amin'ny toerana misy azy na mitazona singa roa miaraka.
Ny safidy eo amin'ny fanosehana sy ny fisintonana dia mamaritra ny rafitra mekanika manontolo. A compression spring's job is to resist being squeezed. Eritrereto ny fampiatoana amin'ny fiara. Ny loharano dia tsindrin'ny lanjan'ny fiara ary misintona ny fahatairana amin'ny alàlan'ny fanosehana miverina. ny fanitarana lohataona[^ 4]Ny asa dia ny manohitra ny fihenjanana. Eritrereto ny varavarana efijery mahazatra akaiky kokoa. Ny lohataona dia mihinjitra rehefa manokatra ny varavarana ianao, ary ny heriny misintona no manidy azy ao aorianao. Ny loharano compression dia tsara amin'ny andraikitra mitondra enta-mavesatra sy misoroka. Loharano fanitarana no safidy default ho an'ny fiverenana mechanism[^ 2]s. Trying to use one for the other's job, toy ny ao amin'io milina fanazaran-tena io, saika miteraka endrika sarotra kokoa sy tsy dia mahomby kokoa. Ny vahaolana mekanika kanto indrindra dia matetika ireo izay mampiasa karazana hery mivantana indrindra.
Ny asa dia mamaritra ny endrika
Ny safidy tsara dia manatsotra ny famolavolanao ary manatsara ny fahombiazany.
- Compression for Support and Shock: Ireo loharano ireo dia natao hipetraka eo ambany enta-mavesatra. Ny firafitry ny coiled azy ireo dia miorina tsara rehefa atosiky ny andaniny roa.
- Fanitarana ho an'ny fiverenana sy fihenjanana: Ireo loharano ireo dia natao hisintona avy amin'ny tendrony. Ny farangony dia singa manan-danja izay mampita ny hery misintona[^ 5].
| asa | Safidy tsara indrindra | Ohatra iombonana | Nahoana izy io no miasa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Absorb Shock | famatrarana | Fiatoana fiara, hazo pogo | Ny lohataona dia mety hisy fiantraikany mivantana ary manosika hiverina, mampihena ny hery. |
| Manome fanohanana | famatrarana | Kidoro coils, fifandraisana amin'ny bateria | Ny lohataona dia mitazona entana tsy miova ary mitazona ny fanerena ivelany. |
| Hiverina eo afovoany | Fanitarana | Trampoline matotra, varavarana efijery | Ny lohataona dia ahinjitra avy amin'ny toerany fitsaharana ary misintona ny mechanism[^ 2] indray. |
| Miaraha miasa | Fanitarana | Ny fandanjalanjana varavarana garage, Carburetor Linkage | The spring's hery misintona[^ 5] mitazona fihenjanana amin'ny rafitra mba hitazomana azy io. |
Izay karazana lohataona dia mora kokoa ny tsy fahombiazana?
Ny vokatra vita amin'ny lohataona dia mandeha tsara, Saingy tsy mahomby izany. Mety hanimba ny vokatrao ity tsy fahombiazana tampoka ity, Mamorona risika fiarovana, and ruin your brand's reputation for reliability.
Ny fanitarana ny loharano dia mazàna dia mora ampiasaina amin'ny tsy fahombiazan'ny loza Lohataona Compress[^ 6]s. Ny fihantonana amin'ny fanitarana lohataona[^ 4] faritra misy ny fifantohana ambany. Raha tsy mahomby ny hoho, ny lohataona dia misintona tanteraka, Famoahana ny angovo voatahiry rehetra.
Ny teboka malemy amin'ny fanitarana lohataona[^ 4] dia saika ny hook foana. Ny fiantsonana izay misy ny fitrandrahana hook ao amin'ny vatan'ny lohataona dia teboka voajanahary amin'ny fifantohana. Mihoatra ny tsingerin-taona maro, Io no misy ny krizy mikroskopika afaka mamorona ary mitarika amin'ny fractive feno. Rehefa a fanitarana lohataona[^ 4] fialan-tsasatra, it's a sudden, Fahadisoana tanteraka. Afaka manidina ny lohataona, ary ny mechanism[^ 2] Izy io dia nihazona hiverina. Lohataona setroka, etsy ankilany, mirona tsy hahomby kokoa. Raha misy lohataona complesces dia be loatra na harerahana, Matetika izy io dia saosy na maka "seta maharitra"." Mijanona ny manome ny hery marina, fa tsy dia tapaka loatra izy io. Mbola mijanona ao amin'ny fivoriambe izany, ary ny tsy fahombiazana dia tsy dia mampientam-po loatra. Izany no antony ho an'ny fampiharana fitsikerana, Manoro hevitra foana ny injeniera aho mba hamolavola ny rafiny manodidina a Lohataona Compress[^ 6] raha azo atao.
Famolavolana hena
Ny fahatakarana ny tsy fahombiazan'ny lohataona tsirairay dia fanalahidin'ny fananganana vokatra azo antoka sy azo antoka.
- Ny loza ateraky ny Hooks: ny fanitarana lohataona[^ 4] mafy toy ny farangony ihany. Afaka mampiasa endrika hook samihafa isika (toy ny crossover hooks na fanitarana farango) sy fomba fanodinana (toy ny tifitra tifitra) hanatsarana ny fiainana harerahana, fa ny risika dia mitoetra.
- Ny fahamarinan'ny Compression: Ny loharano fanerena dia tohanan'ny firafiny manokana. Raha mbola tarihina araka ny tokony ho izy mba hisorohana ny buckling, singa tena marin-toerana sy azo vinaniana izy io.
| Karazana lohataona | Fomba tsy fahombiazana mahazatra | Vokatry ny tsy fahombiazana | Fandinihana ny famolavolana |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lohataona fanitarana | Tapaka ny hook noho ny havizanana. | tampoka, famotsorana tanteraka ny hery. Ny lohataona dia mety ho lasa projectile. | Ny famolavolana hook sy ny fitaovana dia tsy maintsy voafantina tsara ho an'ny fiainana tsingerina ilaina. |
| Lohataona Compress | Fatigue cracking, miletsy, na "maka set." | Fahaverezana tsikelikely ny hery. Ny lohataona matetika dia mijanona amin'ny toerany. | Ensure the spring is not compressed beyond its solid height and is guided to prevent buckling. |
Famaranana
Choose compression for support and shock absorption and extension for return force, always considering the different ways each spring type can fail to ensure a safe and reliable design.
[^ 1]: Understanding design failures can help prevent costly mistakes in product development.
[^ 2]: Explore the principles of mechanical mechanisms to enhance your design skills.
[^ 3]: Learn about the importance of pushing forces in simplifying designs and improving performance.
[^ 4]: Explore the role of extension springs in mechanisms that require pulling forces and return functions.
[^ 5]: Discover how pulling forces can enhance the functionality of various mechanical applications.
[^ 6]: Understanding compression springs is crucial for applications requiring support and shock absorption.