Ma PrecisionSpring Works, ke nīnau mai nā mea kūʻai iaʻu he aha ka "ikaika" puna kila he, ʻIke wau ke ʻimi nei lākou i ka hilinaʻi a me ka hana. Akā "ʻoi aku ka ikaika" hiki ke manaʻo i nā mea like ʻole no kahi puna. Hiki iā ia ke ʻano kūʻē i ka haki ʻana, a i ʻole kūʻē i ka luhi. E wehewehe au i ka mea e ikaika ai ke kila puna a me nā mea e kū ai.
He aha nā mea nui e wehewehe ai i ka ikaika o ke kila puna?
ʻAʻole hoʻokahi wale nō mea ka ikaika o ke kila puna. He hui ia o na waiwai. Kōkua kēlā me kēia waiwai i ka pūnāwai e hana i kāna hana me ka ʻole o ka hemahema.
Hoʻomaopopo mua ʻia ka ikaika o ke kila puna e ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ka mea e pale ana i ka hakihaki; ikaika hua nui, ka pale ʻana i ka deformation mau; a me ke ola luhi maikaʻi, ka ʻae ʻana i nā pōʻai hou me ka hāʻule ʻole.
Luʻu hohonu i loko o nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o ka ikaika o ka pūnāwai
Mai koʻu ʻike i ka ʻenekinia a me ka hana ʻana i nā puna, wehewehe "ikaika loa" pili i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kekahi mau waiwai koʻikoʻi. Ka mua, Ikaika U'i ʻo ia paha ke ana pololei loa. ʻO kēia ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai i kahi mea ke kū ma mua o ka haki ʻana a i ʻole ka haki ʻana. No kahi puna, ʻO ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke mālama i nā ukana ʻoi aku me ka ʻole o ka paʻi ʻana. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka tensile i nā mea me ka ʻona kalapona kiʻekiʻe. Ka lua, Ka ikaika hua he mea nui like, ina aole e oi aku no na punawai. ʻO kēia kahi kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka deform mau loa. Pono ka pūnāwai e hoʻi i kona ʻano kumu ma hope o ke kōmi ʻana, hooloihiia, a wili paha. Inā hele ma mua o kona ikaika hua, lawe ia i kahi hoʻonohonoho" a nalowale kāna hana. ʻO ka ikaika hua kiʻekiʻe e hōʻoia i ka hana pono o ka puna i ka manawa. Ke kolu, Ola luhi He mea koʻikoʻi ia no nā pūnāwai e hele mau ana i nā pōʻai. E ana kēia i ka nui o nā manawa e hiki ai ke hoʻouka a wehe ʻia kahi puna ma mua o ka haki ʻana. ʻOiai inā e hana ana kahi pūnāwai ma lalo o kona ikaika hua, hiki ke hāʻule mai ka luhi i nā pōʻai he nui. Nā mea me ka hoʻopau ʻili maikaʻi, nā lāʻau wela kūikawā, a ʻo kekahi mau mea hoʻohuihui e hōʻike ana i ke kūpaʻa luhi maikaʻi. Manaʻo pinepine ʻo David i ke ola luhi no ka mea e manaʻo ʻia kāna mau mea hana ʻoihana e hana no nā miliona o nā pōʻai me ka ʻole o ka hāʻule.. Ma PrecisionSpring Works, ke kaulike mau nei makou i keia mau waiwai e koho ai i ke kila "ikaika loa" no ka noi kiko'ī.
| Waiwai | Wehewehe | Mea nui no Puna | Ka hopena o ka waiwai haahaa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ikaika U'i | ʻO ke kaumaha nui ma mua o ka haki ʻana | Kūʻē i ka haki ʻana ma lalo o nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe | Paʻa mua ka puna |
| Ka ikaika hua | ʻO ke koʻikoʻi kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka deformation mau | E hōʻoia i ka hoʻi ʻana o ka puna i ke ʻano kumu (no 'set') | Hoʻololi mau ka puna, lilo ikaika |
| Ola luhi | Ka helu o nā pōʻaiapuni ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana | Hiki ke hoohana hou me ka haki ole | Hāʻule ka puna ma hope o nā pōʻai liʻiliʻi |
| ʻoʻoleʻa | Ke kū'ē i ka hoʻololiʻana i ka plasticized localized | Kākoʻo i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻahu kūʻē | Hiki ke poino ka ili puna, nāwaliwali holoʻokoʻa |
| ʻO ka Ductility/Oughness | Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka plastically ma mua o ka haki ʻana | Kāohi i ka hakihaki hāʻule, hoʻopaʻa i ka ikehu hopena | Wehe koke ka pūnāwai me ka ʻike ʻole |
I always check these properties to define a spring's true strength.
ʻO nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe i manaʻo ʻia he ikaika loa no nā pūnāwai?
ʻO nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe nā mea hana o ka honua puna. Kū kekahi mau māka no ko lākou ikaika. Hāʻawi lākou i ka waiwai maikaʻi a me ka hana no nā noi he nui.
No nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, Pūnaewele Music (Astm A228) manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea ikaika loa, hāʻawi i ka ikaika tensile kūikawā a me ke ola luhi, ʻoi aku ma nā anawaena liʻiliʻi, kūpono ia no nā pūnāwai kumu nui.
Luʻu hohonu i loko o nā hao kalapona kiʻekiʻe ikaika
Ma koʻu ʻike, ke noʻonoʻo ka poʻe i ke kila puna ikaika, Pūnaewele Music (Astm A228) hele pinepine i ka noonoo mua. He mea kupaianaha maoli no ke kila kalapona maʻemaʻe. Loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā kila kalapona huki anu. ʻO ia ke ʻano hiki iā ia ke pale i ka ikaika huki nui ma mua o ka haki ʻana. ʻO kona ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi iā ia i nā waiwai luhi maikaʻi, 'o ia ho'i, hiki ke ka'a i nā mea he nui, mau manawa me ka hāʻule ʻole. Manaʻo pinepine au i ka uea mele no nā pūnāwai pololei ma nā noi like ʻole kahi i loaʻa ai ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe a me ka neʻe pinepine ʻana, ʻAʻole pilikia ka corrosion a hiki ke mālama ʻia me nā uhi. ʻO kekahi mea hakakā ikaika ʻAiʻa-Aila Kiʻekiʻe-Carbon Steel (ASTM A229). ʻO kēia uea ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e hāʻawi iā ia i ka ikaika maikaʻi a me ka ductility. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā pūnāwai ʻoi aku ke kumu kūʻai nui a i ʻole ke loaʻa ʻole ka uea mele i nā anawaena nui loa. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona ikaika tensile ma mua o ka uea mele i ke anawaena like, hāʻawi ia i kahi kaulike maikaʻi o ka ikaika, ʻoʻoleʻa, a me ka formability. Hoʻohana ʻo David i kēia mau ʻano punawai i ka nui o kāna mau mea hana ʻoihana maʻamau kahi mea nui o ka uku-pono a me ka hana maikaʻi.. Loaʻa i kēia mau kila ko lākou ikaika mai ko lākou ʻano kalapona kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaʻina huki anu (no ka uwea mele) a i ʻole ka mālama wela (no ka aila). Akā naʻe,, He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole kūʻokoʻa loa kēia mau kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe i ka corrosion a ʻaʻole hana maikaʻi i nā wela kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o nā uhi kūikawā a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau..
| ʻAno hao hao kiʻekiʻe | Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ikaika nui | Kaulana uʻi maʻamau (kokoke.) | Nā Pōmaikaʻi Nui | Nā palena |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pūnaewele Music (Astm A228) | ʻO ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ola luhi maikaʻi | 230-390 ksi (ma muli o ke anawaena) | ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa, kumu kūʻai no nā mea liʻiliʻi | ʻAʻohe kūʻē i ka corrosion, wela palena |
| ʻAila ʻAila (ASTM A229) | Ka ikaika tensile maikaʻi, ʻoʻoleʻa maikaʻi | 190-280 ksi (ma muli o ke anawaena) | Lakiō maikaʻi ikaika a me ke kumu kūʻai, maikaʻi formability | ʻAʻohe kūʻē i ka corrosion, wela palena |
| Huki-paʻa (ASTM A227) | Ka ikaika tensile maikaʻi, hoʻokele waiwai maikaʻi | 180-260 ksi (ma muli o ke anawaena) | ʻOi aku ka waiwai, maikaʻi no ke kumu nui | ʻO ke ola luhi haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka uea mele, wela palena |
Hoʻohana pinepine au i ka uea mele no nā pūnāwai e pono ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma ke kumu kūʻai kūpono.
He aha nā mea hao hao e hāʻawi ai i ka ikaika ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā noi punawai kūikawā?
Ke paʻakikī nā kūlana, piʻi aʻe nā kila kila. Ua hoʻohui lākou i nā mea e hoʻoikaika nui ai lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hana ma nā wahi paʻakikī.
No ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma nā noi kūikawā, Chrome Silicon (ASTM A401) a ʻO Chrome Vanadium (ASTM A231/A232) he mau koho nui ma waena o nā kila kila. Hāʻawi lākou i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ola luhi maikaʻi, a me ka hana maikaʻi ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.
Luʻu hohonu i loko o nā hao hao ikaika
Ke makemake au i kahi pūnāwai e hana ana ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi - nā wela kiʻekiʻe, kaumaha nui loa, a i ʻole ke koi ʻana i nā pōʻai luhi—Huli au i nā kila kila. Loaʻa kēia mau mea i ko lākou ikaika maikaʻi mai nā mea hou aʻe i hui pū ʻia me ka hao a me ke kalapona. Chrome Silicon (ASTM A401) he kumu hoʻohālike. ʻO ia kekahi o nā kila puna ikaika loa a hiki i ka luhi. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka chromium a me ke silika e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona paʻakikī, ikaika, a ʻoi aku hoʻi kāna hana ʻana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike pinepine au i ka silika chrome no nā noi koʻikoʻi e like me nā pūnāwai valve engine, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā pūnāwai i ka wela nui a me nā miliona o nā pōʻai kōmi. ʻO kona hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka ikaika ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe he mea maikaʻi loa ia ma mua o nā kila kalapona. ʻO kahi koho maikaʻi ʻē aʻe ʻO Chrome Vanadium (ASTM A231/A232). Hāʻawi kēia mea hao hao i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai luhi maikaʻi, me ke kū'ē maikaʻi loa i ka haʻalulu a me ka hopena. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻo David i ka chrome vanadium i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā hana koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā mekini ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ma kahi hikiwawe, he mea maʻamau nā ukana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka maʻiʻo vanadium e kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke ʻano o ka palaoa, ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻakikī a me ke kū'ē i ka luhi. No nā pono kūikawā ʻē aʻe, 17-7 PH kila kila (ASTM A313), ʻoiai he kila kila, pono ke haiia no kona ikaika. Hoʻohui ia i ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi mau hao hao ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia i ka wā he koʻikoʻi ka ikaika a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, e like me kekahi aerospace a i ʻole nā noi lapaʻau. ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o kēia mau mea hao ma mua o nā kila kalapona, akā ʻo kā lākou mau waiwai i hoʻonui pinepine ʻia e hōʻoia i ke kumukūʻai no ka koʻikoʻi, nā noi hana kiʻekiʻe.
| ʻAno ʻano kila | Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ikaika nui | Kaulana uʻi maʻamau (kokoke.) | Nā Pōmaikaʻi Nui | Nā Kūlana Hoʻohana Kūikawā |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chrome Silicon (ASTM A401) | Kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe tensile ikaika, luhi luhi, pale wela kiʻekiʻe | 220-300 ksi (ma muli o ke anawaena) | Paʻa ka ikaika ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ola luhi loa | ʻO nā ʻenekini, kaumaha nui, kiʻekiʻe-mehana |
| ʻO Chrome Vanadium (ASTM A231/A232) | Ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, luhi maikaʻi, kūʻē haʻalulu | 200-290 ksi (ma muli o ke anawaena) | Maikaʻi no ka haʻalulu haʻalulu, ʻoʻoleʻa maikaʻi | Nā hoʻokuʻu kaumaha, kū'ē hopena |
| 17-7 PH kuhiliʻole (ASTM A313) | Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion | 220-270 ksi (ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela) | Hoʻohui i ka ikaika me ka pale corrosion kiʻekiʻe | Aerospace, lāʻau lapaʻau, nā kaiapuni corrosive e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe |
Ke hilinaʻi nei au i kēia mau kila kila no nā pūnāwai pono e hana me ka hala ʻole ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻakikī.
Hopena
ʻO ka "ikaika loa" ʻO ke kila puna e pili ana i ka noi, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka ikaika tensile, luhi, a me nā mea pili kaiapuni. Ke alakaʻi nei ka uea mele i nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai nā kila kila e like me ka chrome silicon a me ka chrome vanadium e hāʻawi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe no ka loea, pono hana kiʻekiʻe.