Ma PrecisionSpring Works, ke nīnau mai nā mea kūʻai iaʻu he aha ka "ikaika" puna kila he, ʻIke wau ke ʻimi nei lākou i ka hilinaʻi a me ka hana. Akā "ʻoi aku ka ikaika" hiki ke manaʻo i nā mea like ʻole no kahi puna. Hiki iā ia ke ʻano kūʻē i ka haki ʻana, a i ʻole kūʻē i ka luhi. E wehewehe au i ka mea e ikaika ai ke kila puna a me nā mea e kū ai.
He aha nā mea nui e wehewehe ai i ka ikaika o ke kila puna?
ʻAʻole hoʻokahi wale nō mea ka ikaika o ke kila puna. He hui ia o na waiwai. Kōkua kēlā me kēia waiwai i ka pūnāwai e hana i kāna hana me ka ʻole o ka hemahema.
Hoʻomaopopo mua ʻia ka ikaika o ke kila puna e ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ka mea e pale ana i ka hakihaki; ikaika hua nui, ka pale ʻana i ka deformation mau; a me ke ola luhi maikaʻi, ka ʻae ʻana i nā pōʻai hou me ka hāʻule ʻole.
Luʻu hohonu i loko o nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o ka ikaika o ka pūnāwai
Mai koʻu ʻike i ka ʻenekinia a me ka hana ʻana i nā puna, wehewehe "ikaika loa" pili i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kekahi mau waiwai koʻikoʻi. Ka mua, Ikaika U'i ʻo ia paha ke ana pololei loa. ʻO kēia ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai i kahi mea ke kū ma mua o ka haki ʻana a i ʻole ka haki ʻana. No kahi puna, ʻO ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke mālama i nā ukana ʻoi aku me ka ʻole o ka paʻi ʻana. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka tensile i nā mea me ka ʻona kalapona kiʻekiʻe. Ka lua, Ka ikaika hua he mea nui like, ina aole e oi aku no na punawai. ʻO kēia kahi kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka deform mau loa. Pono ka pūnāwai e hoʻi i kona ʻano kumu ma hope o ke kōmi ʻana, hooloihiia, a wili paha. Inā hele ma mua o kona ikaika hua, lawe ia i kahi hoʻonohonoho" a nalowale kāna hana. ʻO ka ikaika hua kiʻekiʻe e hōʻoia i ka hana pono o ka puna i ka manawa. Ke kolu, Ola luhi He mea koʻikoʻi ia no nā pūnāwai e hele mau ana i nā pōʻai. E ana kēia i ka nui o nā manawa e hiki ai ke hoʻouka a wehe ʻia kahi puna ma mua o ka haki ʻana. ʻOiai inā e hana ana kahi pūnāwai ma lalo o kona ikaika hua, hiki ke hāʻule mai ka luhi i nā pōʻai he nui. Nā mea me ka hoʻopau ʻili maikaʻi, nā lāʻau wela kūikawā, a ʻo kekahi mau mea hoʻohuihui e hōʻike ana i ke kūpaʻa luhi maikaʻi. Manaʻo pinepine ʻo David i ke ola luhi no ka mea e manaʻo ʻia kāna mau mea hana ʻoihana e hana no nā miliona o nā pōʻai me ka ʻole o ka hāʻule.. Ma PrecisionSpring Works, ke kaulike mau nei makou i keia mau waiwai e koho ai i ke kila "ikaika loa" no ka noi kiko'ī.
| Waiwai | Wehewehe | Mea nui no Puna | Ka hopena o ka waiwai haahaa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ikaika U'i | ʻO ke kaumaha nui ma mua o ka haki ʻana | Kūʻē i ka haki ʻana ma lalo o nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe | Paʻa mua ka puna |
| Ka ikaika hua | ʻO ke koʻikoʻi kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka deformation mau | E hōʻoia i ka hoʻi ʻana o ka puna i ke ʻano kumu (no 'set') | Hoʻololi mau ka puna, lilo ikaika |
| Ola luhi | Ka helu o nā pōʻaiapuni ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana | Hiki ke hoohana hou me ka haki ole | Hāʻule ka puna ma hope o nā pōʻai liʻiliʻi |
| ʻoʻoleʻa | Ke kū'ē i ka hoʻololiʻana i ka plasticized localized | Kākoʻo i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻahu kūʻē | Hiki ke poino ka ili puna, nāwaliwali holoʻokoʻa |
| ʻO ka Ductility/Oughness | Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka plastically ma mua o ka haki ʻana | Kāohi i ka hakihaki hāʻule, hoʻopaʻa i ka ikehu hopena | Wehe koke ka pūnāwai me ka ʻike ʻole |
I always check these properties to define a spring's true strength.
ʻO nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe i manaʻo ʻia he ikaika loa no nā pūnāwai?
ʻO nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe nā mea hana o ka honua puna. Kū kekahi mau māka no ko lākou ikaika. Hāʻawi lākou i ka waiwai maikaʻi a me ka hana no nā noi he nui.
No nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, Pūnaewele Music (Astm A228) manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea ikaika loa, hāʻawi i ka ikaika tensile kūikawā a me ke ola luhi, ʻoi aku ma nā anawaena liʻiliʻi, kūpono ia no nā pūnāwai kumu nui.
Luʻu hohonu i loko o nā hao kalapona kiʻekiʻe ikaika
Ma koʻu ʻike, ke noʻonoʻo ka poʻe i ke kila puna ikaika, Pūnaewele Music (Astm A228) hele pinepine i ka noonoo mua. He mea kupaianaha maoli no ke kila kalapona maʻemaʻe. Loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā kila kalapona huki anu. ʻO ia ke ʻano hiki iā ia ke pale i ka ikaika huki nui ma mua o ka haki ʻana. ʻO kona ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi iā ia i nā waiwai luhi maikaʻi, 'o ia ho'i, hiki ke ka'a i nā mea he nui, mau manawa me ka hāʻule ʻole. Manaʻo pinepine au i ka uea mele no nā pūnāwai pololei ma nā noi like ʻole kahi i loaʻa ai ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe a me ka neʻe pinepine ʻana, ʻAʻole pilikia ka corrosion a hiki ke mālama ʻia me nā uhi. ʻO kekahi mea hakakā ikaika ʻAiʻa-Aila Kiʻekiʻe-Carbon Steel (ASTM A229). ʻO kēia uea ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, which gives it good strength and ductility. It is often used for larger springs where music wire might be too expensive or unavailable in very large diameters. While its tensile strength might be slightly lower than music wire in the same diameter, it offers a good balance of strength, ʻoʻoleʻa, and formability. David uses these types of springs in many of his general industrial equipment where cost-effectiveness and good performance are key. These steels derive their strength from their high carbon content and the cold-drawing process (for music wire) or heat treatment (for oil-tempered). Akā naʻe,, it is important to remember that these high-carbon steels are not very resistant to corrosion and do not perform well at high temperatures without specialized coatings or treatments.
| High-Carbon Steel Type | Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ikaika nui | Kaulana uʻi maʻamau (kokoke.) | Nā Pōmaikaʻi Nui | Nā palena |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pūnaewele Music (Astm A228) | ʻO ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ola luhi maikaʻi | 230-390 ksi (ma muli o ke anawaena) | ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa, kumu kūʻai no nā mea liʻiliʻi | ʻAʻohe kūʻē i ka corrosion, wela palena |
| ʻAila ʻAila (ASTM A229) | Ka ikaika tensile maikaʻi, ʻoʻoleʻa maikaʻi | 190-280 ksi (ma muli o ke anawaena) | Lakiō maikaʻi ikaika a me ke kumu kūʻai, maikaʻi formability | ʻAʻohe kūʻē i ka corrosion, wela palena |
| Huki-paʻa (ASTM A227) | Ka ikaika tensile maikaʻi, hoʻokele waiwai maikaʻi | 180-260 ksi (ma muli o ke anawaena) | ʻOi aku ka waiwai, maikaʻi no ke kumu nui | ʻO ke ola luhi haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka uea mele, wela palena |
Hoʻohana pinepine au i ka uea mele no nā pūnāwai e pono ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma ke kumu kūʻai kūpono.
He aha nā mea hao hao e hāʻawi ai i ka ikaika ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā noi punawai kūikawā?
Ke paʻakikī nā kūlana, piʻi aʻe nā kila kila. Ua hoʻohui lākou i nā mea e hoʻoikaika nui ai lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hana ma nā wahi paʻakikī.
No ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma nā noi kūikawā, Chrome Silicon (ASTM A401) a ʻO Chrome Vanadium (ASTM A231/A232) he mau koho nui ma waena o nā kila kila. Hāʻawi lākou i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ola luhi maikaʻi, a me ka hana maikaʻi ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.
Luʻu hohonu i loko o nā hao hao ikaika
Ke makemake au i kahi pūnāwai e hana ana ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi - nā wela kiʻekiʻe, kaumaha nui loa, a i ʻole ke koi ʻana i nā pōʻai luhi—Huli au i nā kila kila. Loaʻa kēia mau mea i ko lākou ikaika maikaʻi mai nā mea hou aʻe i hui pū ʻia me ka hao a me ke kalapona. Chrome Silicon (ASTM A401) he kumu hoʻohālike. ʻO ia kekahi o nā kila puna ikaika loa a hiki i ka luhi. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka chromium a me ke silika e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona paʻakikī, ikaika, a ʻoi aku hoʻi kāna hana ʻana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike pinepine au i ka silika chrome no nā noi koʻikoʻi e like me nā pūnāwai valve engine, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā pūnāwai i ka wela nui a me nā miliona o nā pōʻai kōmi. ʻO kona hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka ikaika ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe he mea maikaʻi loa ia ma mua o nā kila kalapona. ʻO kahi koho maikaʻi ʻē aʻe ʻO Chrome Vanadium (ASTM A231/A232). Hāʻawi kēia mea hao hao i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai luhi maikaʻi, me ke kū'ē maikaʻi loa i ka haʻalulu a me ka hopena. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻo David i ka chrome vanadium i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā hana koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā mekini ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ma kahi hikiwawe, he mea maʻamau nā ukana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka maʻiʻo vanadium e kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke ʻano o ka palaoa, ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻakikī a me ke kū'ē i ka luhi. No nā pono kūikawā ʻē aʻe, 17-7 PH kila kila (ASTM A313), ʻoiai he kila kila, pono ke haiia no kona ikaika. Hoʻohui ia i ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi mau hao hao ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia i ka wā he koʻikoʻi ka ikaika a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, e like me kekahi aerospace a i ʻole nā noi lapaʻau. ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o kēia mau mea hao ma mua o nā kila kalapona, akā ʻo kā lākou mau waiwai i hoʻonui pinepine ʻia e hōʻoia i ke kumukūʻai no ka koʻikoʻi, nā noi hana kiʻekiʻe.
| ʻAno ʻano kila | Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ikaika nui | Kaulana uʻi maʻamau (kokoke.) | Nā Pōmaikaʻi Nui | Nā Kūlana Hoʻohana Kūikawā |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chrome Silicon (ASTM A401) | Kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe tensile ikaika, luhi luhi, pale wela kiʻekiʻe | 220-300 ksi (ma muli o ke anawaena) | Paʻa ka ikaika ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ola luhi loa | ʻO nā ʻenekini, kaumaha nui, kiʻekiʻe-mehana |
| ʻO Chrome Vanadium (ASTM A231/A232) | Ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, luhi maikaʻi, kūʻē haʻalulu | 200-290 ksi (ma muli o ke anawaena) | Maikaʻi no ka haʻalulu haʻalulu, ʻoʻoleʻa maikaʻi | Nā hoʻokuʻu kaumaha, kū'ē hopena |
| 17-7 PH kuhiliʻole (ASTM A313) | Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion | 220-270 ksi (ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela) | Hoʻohui i ka ikaika me ka pale corrosion kiʻekiʻe | Aerospace, lāʻau lapaʻau, nā kaiapuni corrosive e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe |
Ke hilinaʻi nei au i kēia mau kila kila no nā pūnāwai pono e hana me ka hala ʻole ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻakikī.
Hopena
ʻO ka "ikaika loa" ʻO ke kila puna e pili ana i ka noi, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka ikaika tensile, luhi, a me nā mea pili kaiapuni. Ke alakaʻi nei ka uea mele i nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai nā kila kila e like me ka chrome silicon a me ka chrome vanadium e hāʻawi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe no ka loea, pono hana kiʻekiʻe.