How Are Long Extension Springs Designed and Used?

Udinga amandla okudonsa ngebanga elide, kodwa imithombo ejwayelekile mifishane kakhulu. Ukuzihlanganisa ndawonye akuphephile, futhi ukusebenzisa ingxenye engalungile kungabangela lonke uhlelo lwakho lwehluleke.

Intwasahlobo enwetshiwe ende iyintwasahlobo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso enesilinganiso esiphakeme sobude ukuya kububanzi, yakhelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukungezwani ngebanga elikhulu. Zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ekuzinzeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukungaguquguquki kokuqala kwengcindezi, kanye nesiqondiso sokuvimbela ukuhlangana ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Emsebenzini wami, I've seen that you cannot simply "stretch" umklamo ojwayelekile wasentwasahlobo wokuwenza ube mude. As soon as a spring's body length becomes many times its diameter, ukuziphatha kwayo kushintsha ngokuphelele. Iqala ukusebenza kancane njengesiphethu esiqinile futhi njengentambo yensimbi. Lolu shintsho lwethula isethi entsha yezinselelo zobunjiniyela okufanele zixazululwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi intwasahlobo iphephile, okuthembekile, futhi yenza umsebenzi wayo ngendlela efanele kulo lonke ibanga layo lokuhamba.

Yini Empeleni Efanelekela Intwasahlobo Yesandiso njengokuthi "Inde"?

Igama elithi "inde" kubonakala sengathi i-subjective uma ubheka iziphethu. How do you know if you need a standard spring or if you've crossed the line into a "long spring" umklamo?

Intwasahlobo ngokuvamile ibhekwa "yinde" lapho ubude bomzimba wayo bungaphezu kokuphindwe kashumi ububanzi bayo bangaphandle (a 10:1 isilinganiso). Lesi silinganiso esiphezulu siyisici esibalulekile esethula izinselele zedizayini eziyingqayizivele, njengengozi ephezulu yokuhlangana, ukudlidliza, nokuhlanekezela ngaphansi komthwalo.

Ngivame ukusebenzisa lokhu 10:1 isilinganiso njengesiqalo lapho uxoxa ngephrojekthi entsha nonjiniyela. Ngaphansi kwaleso silinganiso, izimiso ezijwayelekile zokuklama intwasahlobo ngokuvamile zisebenza ngaphandle kokukhishwa. Kodwa uma sesidlulele ngale, we have to start thinking differently. Isikhathi eside, slender spring body can easily get caught on nearby components or even tangle with itself if it's not properly guided. Kufanele futhi sicabangele ukudlidliza kwe-harmonic. Njengentambo yesiginci, intwasahlobo ende ingadlidliza ngamaza athile, okungadala ukukhathala nokwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi. These are problems you just don't see in shorter, iziphethu eziminyene.

Okungaphezu Kobude Nje

Isilinganiso sobude ukuya kububanzi yisici esibalulekile esibeka indlela yobunjiniyela.

• I 10:1 Isiqondiso: Nakuba kungewona umthetho oqinile, lesi silinganiso siwuphawu olusungulwe kahle embonini yasentwasahlobo. Kubonisa iphuzu lapho ukungazinzi okungenzeka kube yinto eyinhloko yokukhathazeka komklamo.
• Ukuzinza kanye Nesiqondiso: Intwasahlobo ende ngokuvamile ayikwazi ukusekela isisindo sayo ngaphandle kokugoqa noma ukugoba, ikakhulukazi uma efakwe nendawo. It may require a guide rod running through its center or a channel to travel within to prevent it from snagging on other parts of the assembly.
• Ukudlidliza kanye ne-Harmonics: Isikhathi eside intwasahlobo, imvamisa yemvelo ephansi. Emishinini esebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, lokhu kungaholela ku-resonance, lapho intwasahlobo inyakaza ngokungalawuleki, okuholela ekugqokeni okusheshayo nasekuhlulekeni.

Kungani Imithombo Eyengeziwe Eyengeziwe Kunzima Kangaka Ukuyenza?

You'd think making a long spring is easy—just let the coiling machine run for longer. Kodwa eqinisweni, ukugcina izinga kulobo bude kuyinselele enkulu.

Ukukhiqiza iziphethu ezinwebekayo ezinde kunzima ngoba ukugcina iphimbo elingashintshi kanye nokushuba kwesimo sokuqala kubo bonke ubude kuyinselele enkulu kakhulu.. Noma yikuphi ukuhluka okuncane kokudonsa kwezintambo noma isivinini somshini siyakhuliswa, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungaguquki kanye nezindawo ezibuthakathaka ezingase zibe khona entwasahlobo.

On our CNC coiling machines, yonke ingxenye yenqubo ilawulwa ngekhompuyutha, from the wire feed rate to the coiling point. Okwentwasahlobo emfushane, inqubo isiphelile ngomzuzwana. For a spring that's several feet long, umshini kufanele ugcine ukungaguquguquki okuphelele isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukushuba kocingo njengoba idla ku-spool kufanele kuhlale njalo. Uma icwilisa noma isikhashana, ukungezwani kokuqala kuleso sigaba sentwasahlobo kuyoba ngaphansi. If it increases, amakhoyili azoqina kakhulu. Lawa maphutha amancane angahlanganisa, creating a spring that doesn't pull with a uniform force. Ngemuva kokumbiwa, handling these springs is also a challenge. Anganwebeka kalula noma aphithane ngaphambi kokuthi aze afike kuhhavini wokwelapha ukushisa.

Inselele Yokungaguquguquki

Precision is key, and it's much harder to maintain over a greater distance.

• Initial Tension Control: Lawa amandla abamba amakhoyili ndawonye. On a long spring, kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi la mandla ayafana kusukela kukhoyili yokuqala kuya kweyokugcina. Lokhu kudinga izilungiselelo zomshini ezinze kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi yocingo engashintshi. Inconsistent initial tension means the spring will not provide a smooth, ukudonsa komugqa.
• I-Pitch Uniformity: Isikhala phakathi kwamakhoyili (iphimbo) kufanele kube ngqo. Entwasahlobo ende, ukushintshashintsha kokushisa ocingweni noma emshinini kungabangela iphimbo ukuthi likhukhuze, ezithinta izinga lentwasahlobo.
• Ukuphatha kanye Nokwelashwa Kokushisa: Isikhathi eside, intwasahlobo eluhlaza ithambile. Kumele ithuthwe ngokucophelela kuhhavini odambisa ingcindezi. If it is bent or stretched before heat treatment, isici sizosethwa unomphela kokubalulekile, ukonakalisa ingxenye.

Isetshenziswa Kuphi Le Miphethu Emide Eyengeziwe Empeleni?

Uyaziqonda izinselele zokuklama, but where would you actually find a spring that's several feet long? Izicelo zabo zivame kakhulu kunalokho ongase ucabange.

Iziphethu ezandisiwe ezinde ziyizingxenye ezisemqoka ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zokulinganisa. Uzowathola eminyango emikhulu engaphezulu, heavy industrial lids, imishini yezolimo[^ 1] njengama-hay baler, nasezinhlelweni zetiyetha ukuphakamisa nokuhambisa izici zesiteji esindayo ngokushelela.

Ngisanda kusebenzela iphrojekthi yenkampani eyakha ababhemayo abakhulu bezindawo zokudlela. Isivalo sasinzima kakhulu, futhi babedinga indlela yokuba umpheki ayivule ngesandla esisodwa. We designed a pair of long extension springs that ran along the back of the unit. The springs provided a constant pulling force that perfectly counterbalanced the lid's weight, okwenza kuzizwe kucishe kungabi nasisindo. Lolu uhlelo lokusebenza lwakudala lwentwasahlobo enwetshiwe ende: providing a specific force over a long travel distance to make a heavy object easy to move. You also see them used as return springs on large industrial presses and as tensioners on conveyor systems that span long distances.

Izicelo Ezidinga Ukufinyelela Okude

Lezi ziphethu zixazulula izinkinga lapho amandla adingekayo ebangeni elibalulekile.

• I-Counterbalance Systems: Ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuyinhloko ukuqeda isisindo esinzima. This includes large industrial doors, finyelela amarempu kuma-trailer, onogada bemishini enzima, kanye namafasitela avuleke ame mpo noma amachamusela. The spring's stored energy does most of the lifting work.
• Amadivayisi Acindezelayo: Ezinhlelweni ezifana namabhande amade okuthutha noma impahla yezolimo, iziphethu ezinwetshiwe ezinde zisetshenziselwa ukugcina ukungezwani okuqhubekayo, ukumunca ukushaqeka nokugcina amabhande noma amaketango ahamba kahle.
• Ukubuyisela Izindlela: Asetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni okukhulu kwemishini kanye namarobhothi ezimboni ukubuyisela izingxenye endaweni yazo yokuqala ngemuva kokunyakaza okude..

Ukugcina

Iziphethu ezinde ezinwetshiwe ziyizingxenye ezikhethekile ezichazwe isilinganiso esiphezulu sobude ukuya kububanzi. Asetshenziswa kumasistimu okulinganisa kanye ne-tensioning adinga amandla ebangeni elide.

[^ 1]: Thola indima ebalulekile yeziphethu ezinwetshiwe ezinde ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwempahla yezolimo.