Kengaytirish bahori nima va u qanday ishlatiladi?
You're looking for an "expansion spring," but the term leads to confusing search results. You can't be sure if it's a spring that pushes or pulls, making it impossible to order correctly.
An "kengaytirish bahori[^ 1]" kengaytmali kamon uchun keng tarqalgan, ammo texnik bo'lmagan atama. It's a tightly wound coil designed to resist a pulling force. Uzatilganda, kengayadi" uzunligi bo'yicha, energiya saqlaydi, and pulls back toward its original, qisqaroq o'lcham.
In my experience as a manufacturer, I've found that names can be tricky. "Kengaytirish bahori" is a perfect example of this. "Kengaytir" so'zi" can mean two different things. Does it expand by being stretched out, yoki siqilgandan keyin asl hajmiga qaytadimi? Bu chalkashlik noto'g'ri qismni buyurtma qilishga olib kelishi mumkin, which can cause a project to fail. Let's clear up exactly what this term means and how these springs work.
Does an Expansion Spring Pull or Push?
The name "expansion spring" is the source of the problem. Agar buloq kengaysa, is it getting longer from a pull, yoki surish natijasida asl shakliga qaytadi?
An "kengaytirish bahori[^ 1]" almost always refers to an extension spring, which is designed to pull. U cho'zish orqali kengayadi. Siqish bahori, boshqa tarafdan, expands by returning to its longer, resting state after being compressed or pushed. Their functions are opposites.
Bu buloqlar olamidagi eng muhim farqdir. When a customer asks me for an kengaytirish bahori[^ 1], the first thing I do is clarify the application. Are you trying to hold a screen door shut, or are you trying to support the weight of a car? The screen door needs a pulling force (uzaytiruvchi kamon). The car needs a pushing force (a siqish bahori[^2]). Kengaytma prujinasi uning bobinlari bir-biriga mahkam bosilgan holda amalga oshiriladi, tortishga qarshi turishga tayyor. Siqish bulog'i uning rulonlari orasidagi bo'shliqlar bilan amalga oshiriladi, siqilishga tayyor. Using one for the other's job is a recipe for immediate failure.
Ikki turdagi "Kengaytirish"
The way a spring "expands" vazifasini belgilaydi.
- Kengaytma buloqlari (Pullerlar): These springs expand in length when a tensile (tortish) kuch qo'llaniladi. Their job is to pull components back together. Ular mahkam o'ralgan rulonlarga ega va ilgaklar yoki ilmoqlar bilan tugaydi.
- Siqish buloqlari (Pusherlar): Bu buloqlar "kengaydi" siqishdan keyin asl erkin uzunligiga qaytadi (surish) kuch olib tashlanadi. Their job is to push components apart. They have open coils and typically have flat, zamin tugaydi.
| Xususiyat | Kengaytma bahori (tortadi) | Siqish bahori (Bosadi) |
|---|---|---|
| Asosiy harakat | Resists being pulled apart. | Resists being pushed together. |
| Qanday qilib "kengaydi" | Expands from its resting state when stretched. | Siqilgandan keyin dam olish holatiga qaytadi. |
| Bobin tuzilishi | Bobinlar bir-biriga mahkam bog'langan (bo'shliqlar yo'q). | Coils have gaps between them (balandlik). |
| Tugaydi | Hooks or loops for attachment. | Ochiq yoki yopiq, zamin tekis uchlari. |
How Does an Expansion Spring Create Its Force?
Ko'rish mumkinki, siz buloqni cho'zganingizda orqaga tortadi. But where does that immediate, strong resistance come from, even before it has stretched very far?
Kengayish (kengaytma) spring creates its force in two stages. First is "initial tension," bobinlarni mahkam ushlab turadigan o'rnatilgan kuch. Ikkinchisi "Bahor stavkasi[^ 3]," u cho'zilgan har bir masofa birligi uchun zarur bo'lgan qo'shimcha kuchdir.
When we manufacture an extension spring, biz simni kuchlanish ostida o'rash uchun maxsus texnikadan foydalanamiz. Ushbu jarayon barcha rulonlarni bir-biriga siqib chiqaradigan oldindan yuk hosil qiladi. Bu dastlabki keskinlik. Ushbu "yopishqoqlikni" engish uchun etarli kuch sarflash kerak" bahor ham cho'zila boshlamasdan oldin. Shuning uchun yangi ekranli eshik bulog'i eshikni mahkam yopib qo'yadi. Once you pull past the initial tension, the spring rate takes over. This is the stiffness of the spring. tezligiga ega buloq 10 funt/dyuym talab qiladi 10 uni cho'zgan har bir qo'shimcha dyuym uchun ko'proq funt kuch. Biz mijozga kerak bo'lgan aniq kuch profilini ta'minlash uchun ushbu qiymatlarning ikkalasini ham sozlashimiz mumkin.
The Two Components of Force
Ushbu ikki kuchni tushunish to'g'ri bahorni belgilash uchun kalit hisoblanadi.
- Dastlabki kuchlanish: Bu bahor dam olishda mavjud bo'lgan doimiy kuchdir. It provides a baseline pulling force that must be overcome before any extension happens.
- Bahor darajasi (Qattiqqo'llik): This is a variable force that increases linearly as the spring is stretched. It determines how much stronger the pull gets as the spring gets longer.
| Kuch turi | Tavsif | Qachon amal qiladi |
|---|---|---|
| Dastlabki kuchlanish | Belgilangan, pre-loaded force holding the coils shut. | At the very start of the pull. |
| Bahor darajasi | The amount of extra force needed per inch of stretch. | After initial tension has been overcome. |
What Materials Are Used to Make Expansion Springs?
You need a spring for an outdoor gate, but the last one you used rusted and broke in a year. How do you choose a material that will last?
The most common materials are high-carbon steels like music wire for strength and low cost, and stainless steel for corrosion resistance. For extreme environments, Inconel yoki Monel kabi maxsus qotishmalar yuqori harorat yoki kimyoviy qarshilik uchun ishlatiladi.
The choice of material is just as important as the spring's dimensions. For most indoor applications, music wire is a fantastic choice. It is very strong and cost-effective. Biz odatda rux yoki boshqa qoplamani kichik namlikdan himoya qilish uchun qo'shamiz. But for that outdoor gate, I would immediately recommend stainless steel, ehtimol a 302 yoki 304 daraja. Bu biroz qimmatroq turadi, lekin zanglamaydi, ensuring a much longer and safer service life. Bir marta mening mijozim bor edi, unga dengiz ilovasi uchun buloqlar kerak edi, constantly exposed to salt water. Ular uchun, foydalanishimiz kerak edi 316 zanglamaydigan po'lat, which has superior corrosion resistance. Noto'g'ri materialni tanlash bahorning buzilishining eng keng tarqalgan sabablaridan biridir.
Matching the Material to the Job
The environment dictates the material.
- Yuqori karbonli po'latlar: Ushbu turkumga kiradi musiqa simi[^ 4] va moy bilan ishlaydigan sim. Ular umumiy maqsadli ilovalar uchun quvvat va narxning eng yaxshi kombinatsiyasini taklif qiladi, ammo qoplama kabi sirt qoplamasi bilan korroziyadan himoyalangan bo'lishi kerak..
- Zanglamaydigan po'latlar: Namlikni o'z ichiga olgan ilovalar uchun asosiy tanlov, yuvinishlar, yoki tashqi foydalanish. kabi baholar 302/304 keng tarqalgan, esa 316 sho'r suv yoki kimyoviy moddalar kabi ko'proq korroziy muhitlar uchun ishlatiladi.
- Maxsus qotishmalar: Haddan tashqari issiqlik uchun, Inconel dan foydalanishingiz mumkin. Noldan past haroratlar yoki magnit bo'lmagan ilovalar uchun, Beryllium Copper could be the choice.
| Material | Eng yaxshi uchun | Asosiy afzallik | Cheklash |
|---|---|---|---|
| Musiqa simi | Ichki mashinalar, umumiy foydalanish. | Yuqori kuch, arzon. | Poor corrosion resistance. |
| Zanglamaydigan po'lat 302 | Ochiq havoda, oziq-ovqat, yoki tibbiy foydalanish. | Ajoyib korroziyaga chidamlilik. | More expensive than steel. |
| Inconel | High-temperature environments. | Retains strength at high heat. | Juda yuqori narx. |
Xulosa
Atama "kengaytirish bahori[^ 1]" odatda tortish orqali kengayadigan uzaytiruvchi kamonni bildiradi. U yordamida ishlaydi dastlabki kuchlanish[^5] va bahor tezligi, va uning materiali ish muhitiga mos kelishi kerak.
[^ 1]: Kengaytirish kamonlarining ta'rifi va funksionalligini aniqlashtirish uchun ushbu manbani o'rganing.
[^2]: Siqish buloqlari mexanikasi va ularning qo'llanilishi haqida bilib oling.
[^ 3]: Ushbu manba bahor tezligini va uning bahor ish faoliyatini aniqlashdagi ahamiyatini tushuntiradi.
[^ 4]: Ushbu havola bahor ishlab chiqarishda musiqa simlarining xususiyatlari va qo'llanilishi haqida tushuncha beradi.
[^5]: Dastlabki kuchlanish tushunchasini va uning bahor dizaynidagi ahamiyatini bilib oling.