Kodi Kasupe Wokulitsa Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Motani?
You're looking for an "expansion spring," koma mawuwa amatsogolera ku zotsatira zosokoneza. You can't be sure if it's a spring that pushes or pulls, kupanga kukhala kosatheka kuyitanitsa molondola.
An "kukulitsa kasupe[1]" ndi mawu wamba koma osakhala aukadaulo owonjezera masika. It's a tightly wound coil designed to resist a pulling force. Pamene anatambasula, izo "zikuwonjezera" mu utali, amasunga mphamvu, ndikubwerera ku chiyambi chake, kukula kochepa.
Muzochitika zanga monga wopanga, I've found that names can be tricky. "Spring yowonjezera" ndi chitsanzo changwiro cha izi. Mawu akuti "kukula" angatanthauze zinthu ziwiri zosiyana. Imakula potambasulidwa, kapena imakula kubwereranso kukula kwake koyambirira itatha kukanikizidwa? Kusokonezeka uku kungayambitse kuyitanitsa gawo lolakwika, zomwe zingapangitse kuti polojekiti isalephereke. Let's clear up exactly what this term means and how these springs work.
Amapanga Kukoka kwa Spring kapena Kukankhira?
Dzina "expansion spring" ndiye gwero la vuto. If a spring expands, ndikutalika kuchokera pakukoka, kapena ikufutukuka kubwerera ku mawonekedwe ake oyambirira kuchokera ku kukankhira?
An "kukulitsa kasupe[1]" pafupifupi nthawi zonse amatanthauza kasupe wowonjezera, lomwe lapangidwa kuti lizikoka. It expands by stretching. A compression spring, mbali inayi, expands by returning to its longer, kupumula pambuyo popanikizidwa kapena kukankhidwa. Ntchito zawo ndi zotsutsana.
Uku ndiye kusiyana kofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi la akasupe. Pamene kasitomala andifunsa ine kukulitsa kasupe[1], chinthu choyamba chimene ine ndikuchita ndi kumveketsa ntchito. Mukuyesera kutseka chitseko chotchinga, kapena mukuyesera kuthandizira kulemera kwa galimoto? Khomo lazenera limafunikira mphamvu yokoka (an extension spring). Galimoto imafunikira mphamvu yokankha (a compression spring[^ 2]). Kasupe wowonjezera amapangidwa ndi zozungulira zake zomangika pamodzi, ready to resist a pull. Kuponderezana kasupe kumapangidwa ndi mipata pakati pa zozungulira zake, ready to be squeezed. Using one for the other's job is a recipe for immediate failure.
Two Types of "Expansion"
Momwe kasupe "amakulira" defines its job.
- Kukula Springs (The Pullers): Akasupe awa amakula m'litali pamene kukwera (kukoka) force is applied. Ntchito yawo ndi kukoka zigawo pamodzi. Amakhala ndi zomangira zomangira zolimba ndipo amatha kukhala mbedza kapena malupu.
- Kuphatikizika kwa Springs (Okankha): Zomera izi "zikukula" kubwerera ku utali wawo waulere waulere pambuyo pa kuponderezana (kukankha) mphamvu imachotsedwa. Ntchito yawo ndikukankhira zigawo. Amakhala ndi makola otseguka ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ophwanyika, pansi mapeto.
| Kaonekedwe | Kuwonjezera masika (Pulls) | Kutanthauzira Kasupe (Amakankha) |
|---|---|---|
| Ntchito Yoyamba | Imakana kukokedwa. | Amakana kukankhidwira pamodzi. |
| Momwe "Imakulira" | Imakula kuchokera ku nthawi yake yopuma ikatambasulidwa. | Imakula kubwerera ku nthawi yake yopuma itatha kufinyidwa. |
| Mapangidwe a Coil | Ma coils amalumikizana pamodzi (palibe mipata). | Ma coils ali ndi mipata pakati pawo (phula). |
| Mathero | Zingwe kapena malupu kuti agwirizane. | Otsegula kapena otsekedwa, pansi lathyathyathya malekezero. |
Kodi Spring Spring Imapangira Bwanji Mphamvu Yake?
Mutha kuona kuti kasupe amakoka m'mbuyo mukatambasula. Koma kuti izo nthawi yomweyo, kukana mwamphamvu kumachokera, ngakhale isanatambasule kutali?
Kukula (kuwonjezera) spring creates its force in two stages. First is "initial tension," mphamvu yomanga yomwe imagwirizanitsa zozungulira molimba. Chachiwiri ndi "Mlingo wa masika[^ 3]," yomwe ndi mphamvu yowonjezera yofunikira pa gawo lililonse la mtunda womwe watambasulidwa.
Tikapanga kasupe wowonjezera, timagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yopangira waya pansi pa zovuta. Izi zimapanga katundu wotsogola womwe umafinya makola onse pamodzi. Uku ndiye kukangana koyamba. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokwanira kuti mugonjetse "kumamatira" masika asanayambe kutambasula. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chitseko chatsopano cha chitseko chimagwira chitseko chotseka kwambiri. Mukangokoka kupyola muyeso woyamba, mtengo wa masika umatenga. Uku ndi kuuma kwa kasimpe. Kasupe wokhala ndi mlingo wa 10 lbs/inchi adzafunika 10 mapaundi ochulukirapo pa inchi iliyonse yowonjezera yomwe mumatambasula. Titha kusintha zonse ziwirizi kuti tipereke mbiri yamphamvu yomwe kasitomala amafunikira.
Zigawo ziwiri za Mphamvu
Kumvetsetsa mphamvu ziwirizi ndikofunika kufotokoza bwino masika.
- Kuvuta Kwambiri: Izi ndi mphamvu zokhazikika zomwe zimakhalapo pamene kasupe akupuma. Limapereka mphamvu yokoka yoyambira yomwe iyenera kugonjetsedwe kukulitsa kulikonse kusanachitike.
- Mtengo wa Spring (Kuuma): Ichi ndi mphamvu yosinthika yomwe imawonjezeka motsatira pamene kasupe akutambasulidwa. Imatsimikizira kuti kukoka kumakhala kolimba bwanji pamene kasupe akutalika.
| Force Type | Kufotokozera | When It Applies |
|---|---|---|
| Kuvuta Kwambiri | A fixed, mphamvu yodzaza kale itatseka ma koyilo. | Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa kukoka. |
| Mtengo wa Spring | Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yowonjezera yofunikira pa inchi yotambasula. | Pambuyo kulimbana koyambirira kwatha. |
Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Popanga Mitsinje Yokulitsa?
Mufunika kasupe wa chipata chakunja, koma yomaliza munaigwiritsa ntchito inachita dzimbiri ndipo inasweka pakatha chaka. Kodi mumasankha bwanji nkhani yomwe idzakhala yokhalitsa?
Zida zofala kwambiri ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi mpweya wambiri ngati waya wanyimbo kuti zikhale zamphamvu komanso zotsika mtengo, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cholimbana ndi dzimbiri. For extreme environments, ma alloys apadera monga Inconel kapena Monel amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakutentha kwambiri kapena kukana mankhwala.
The choice of material is just as important as the spring's dimensions. Kwa ntchito zambiri zamkati, nyimbo waya ndi wosangalatsa kusankha. Ndi yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo. Nthawi zambiri timawonjezera zinki kapena mbale zina kuti titeteze ku chinyezi chochepa. Koma kwa chipata chakunja icho, Nthawi yomweyo ndingapangire zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, probably a 302 kapena 304 kalasi. It costs a bit more, koma sichichita dzimbiri, kuonetsetsa moyo wautali komanso wotetezeka wautumiki. Nthawi ina ndinali ndi kasitomala yemwe amafunikira akasupe ofunsira ntchito zam'madzi, nthawi zonse poyera madzi amchere. For them, we had to use 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri. Kusankha zinthu zolakwika ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimachititsa kuti masika awonongeke.
Kugwirizanitsa Zinthu ndi Ntchito
Chilengedwe chimalamulira zinthu.
- Zitsulo za Carbon High: Gulu ili likuphatikizapo waya wa nyimbo[^ 4] and oil-tempered wire. Amapereka mphamvu zophatikizira bwino kwambiri komanso mtengo wake pazolinga zonse koma ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzimbiri ndi kutha kwapamwamba ngati plating..
- Zitsulo Zosapanga dzimbiri: Chisankho chomwe mungachisankhe pamapulogalamu okhudzana ndi chinyezi, zochapira, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito panja. Maphunziro ngati 302/304 ndizofala, pamene 316 amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zowononga kwambiri monga madzi amchere kapena mankhwala.
- Specialty Alloys: Kwa kutentha kwambiri, you might use Inconel. Kwa kutentha kwa sub-zero kapena ntchito zopanda maginito, Beryllium Copper ikhoza kukhala chisankho.
| Malaya | Zabwino Kwambiri | Ubwino Wofunika | Kusunga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waya wa nyimbo | Makina amkati, ntchito wamba. | Mphamvu yayikulu, mtengo wotsika. | Kulephera kwa dzimbiri. |
| Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 302 | Panja, chakudya, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. | Kukana kwabwino kwa dzimbiri. | Zokwera mtengo kuposa zitsulo. |
| Inconel | Malo otentha kwambiri. | Imasunga mphamvu pa kutentha kwakukulu. | Mtengo wokwera kwambiri. |
Mapeto
Teremuyo "kukulitsa kasupe[1]" kawirikawiri amatanthauza kasupe wowonjezera omwe amakula ndi kukoka. Zimagwira ntchito kulimbana koyamba[^ 5] ndi mtengo wa masika, ndipo zinthu zake ziyenera kufanana ndi malo ake ogwirira ntchito.
[1]: Onani gwero ili kuti mumvetsetse tanthauzo ndi magwiridwe antchito a akasupe okulitsa.
[^ 2]: Phunzirani za makina a compression springs ndi ntchito zawo.
[^ 3]: Bukuli limafotokoza kuchuluka kwa masika komanso kufunika kwake pozindikira momwe masika amagwirira ntchito.
[^ 4]: Ulalo uwu umapereka zidziwitso pazantchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito waya wanyimbo pakupanga kasupe.
[^ 5]: Dziwani lingaliro la zovuta zoyambira ndi kufunikira kwake pamapangidwe a kasupe.