What Should You Know About Small Springs with Hooks?
Designing a product with a tiny custom spring can be surprisingly hard. Standard parts don't fit or the hooks aren't right, stopping your entire project over a small component.
No nā puna liʻiliʻi me nā makau, pono ʻoe e nānā i ʻekolu mau mea: ke ʻano makau, ka mea uwea, a me nā ana kī. Getting these details right is essential for ensuring the spring fits, hana hilinaʻi, and does not break under load in your final product.
I koʻu 14 makahiki o ka hana ʻana i nā puna maʻamau, I've learned that the smallest parts often cause the biggest headaches. Engineers spend a lot of time on the main components of their design, but they often treat a tiny spring as an afterthought. They quickly find out that a spring isn't just a piece of bent wire; it's a critical machine component. ʻO ka makau, i ke ʻano wae, ʻaneʻane mau loa ka wahi nāwaliwali. Let's look at what you need to specify to make sure your small spring is a strong, ʻāpana hilinaʻi o kāu hoʻolālā.
No ke aha e haki pinepine ai nā makau ma nā punawai liʻiliʻi?
Ke hana pono nei ke kino o kou punawai, akā naʻe e ʻoki mau ana nā makau liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia hāʻule i manaʻo ʻole ʻia e hoʻolilo i kāu huahana i hilinaʻi ʻole ʻia a hoʻoulu i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka māla.
Hooks often break because of high stress concentration at sharp bends. Hoʻokumu ka makau crossover maʻamau i kahi wahi nāwaliwali, hoʻolilo iā ia i ka hemahema o ka luhi. ʻO ke koho ʻana i kahi makau mīkini me kahi radius māmā e puʻunaue i ke koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi.
I worked with a team developing a new handheld electronic device. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kahi puna liʻiliʻi loa e hoʻihoʻi i kahi pihi. Ua hāʻule nā prototypes ma hope o nā haneli haneli wale nō no ka haki ʻana o nā makau. Manaʻo lākou e pono ana lākou i kahi mea uea ikaika, but the problem was the hook's shape. Ua hoʻohana lākou i kahi lou crossover maʻalahi e mālama i ka lewa. Ua hōʻike au iā lākou i ka nānā ʻana o ka ikaika a pau i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻolālā hou mākou iā ia me kahi makau mīkini liʻiliʻi. Ua hala ka hoʻolālā hou i kahi hoʻokolohua 100,000-cycle me ka ʻole o nā pilikia. He maʻalahi ka haʻawina: ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano o ka makau ma mua o ka mea e pili ana i ka hilinaʻi lōʻihi.
Hoʻomaopopo i ka Hook Design no ka lōʻihi
ʻO kahi makau liʻiliʻi e mālama i ka pilikia nui.
- Hooki Kea: ʻO kēia ka hoʻolālā kumu loa, kahi e pio wale ai ka uwea hope ma ke kikowaena o ka punawai. He mea maʻalahi a maʻalahi ke hana akā hana i kahi wahi koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe, kupono no ka malamalama wale no, nā haʻawe paʻa.
- Hooki Mīkini: Ma kēia hoʻolālā, alakaʻi ʻia ka uea hope ma kahi maʻalahi, ʻO ke poʻo like ʻole mai ke kino puna ma mua o ka hana ʻana o ka makau. ʻO kēia hoʻololi pōʻai pōʻai e hoʻemi nui i ka manaʻo kaumaha a ʻo ia ke koho maʻamau no kekahi noi e pili ana i nā pōʻai hou.
- Hoʻopaneʻe ʻia nā Hook a me nā Hoʻopau Maʻamau: I kekahi manawa, pono kahi puna liʻiliʻi i kahi makau lōʻihi e hiki ai i kahi wahi pili. Hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau mea no ka ikaika, but it's important to remember that the wire in the hook does not contribute to the spring's force.
| ʻAno Hook | Kaulana Koʻikoʻi | Best Use Case | Kuʻuna Kino |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hooki kea | Kiʻekiʻe | Hōʻike paʻa, nā mea pāʻani i loko. | Kūleʻa i ka haki ʻana ma lalo o ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana. |
| Hook Mīkini | Haʻahaʻa | Nā pihi, nā kī, kekahi noi ikaika. | ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī a me ke kumu kūʻai. |
| Loop piha | Very Low | Hoʻohana hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe a palekana paha. | Pono ka nui o kahi e hoʻohui ai. |
What's the Best Wire Material for a Small Spring?
Ua koho ʻoe i uea ikaika no kāu pūnāwai, but now it's either rusting in humid conditions or losing its force over time. Ke hāʻule nei ka mea ma kona ʻano honua maoli.
ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa e pili ana i ka noi. Music wire (Astm A228) ʻo ia ke kūlana no ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma nā wahi maloʻo. No kēlā me kēia noi e pili ana i ka makū a i ʻole ka corrosion, Stainless Steel Type 302/304 is the safest choice.
He kuhihewa keia a'u i ike pinepine ai. Ua hoʻouna mai kekahi mea kūʻai aku i kahi huahana no ka hoʻohana moana iā mākou i kahi kiʻi e hōʻike ana i ka uea mele no kahi puna liʻiliʻi. He ikaika loa ka uwea mele, no laila ua like ia me kahi koho maikaʻi ma muli o kā lākou helu ikaika. Ua nīnau au iā lākou e pili ana i ke kaiapuni hana. I kā lākou ʻōlelo ʻana e kokoke ana i ka wai paʻakai, Ua aʻo koke au iā lākou e hoʻololi i ka Stainless Steel 302. Ua hopohopo lākou no ka nalowale ʻana o ka ikaika, akā ua hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokō i ka ikaika i koi ʻia ma ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻololi liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻolālā. Ma hope o kekahi mau mahina, they told me a competitor's product was having field failures due to rusted springs. Ua maikaʻi kā lākou huahana. The right material isn't always the strongest; it's the one that survives in its environment.
Ikaika Kaulike, Kaʻona, a me ke Kumukuai
He hoʻoholo koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i ka uea kūpono.
- Pūnaewele Music (Astm A228): He uwea kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe kēia e hāʻawi ana i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe a me ke ola luhi no kona nui. ʻO ia ka koho paʻamau no ka hapa nui o nā puna liʻiliʻi, akā, ʻaʻohe ona pale ʻino a pono e pale ʻia e ka ʻaila a i ʻole ka plating inā loaʻa ka makū.
- Kila kohu ʻole 302/304 (ASTM A313): ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau no nā pūnāwai e pono ai ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. ʻAʻole ikaika e like me ka uea mele, no laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pūnāwai i hana ʻia mai ke kila kila.
- Beryllium Copper: No nā noi e koi ana i ka conductivity uila maikaʻi ma kahi o nā waiwai puna, ʻo kēia ka koho kūpono. Hāʻawi pū ia i ka pale corrosion maikaʻi akā he mea ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi.
| Waiwai | Pōmaikaʻi Nui | Poino Nui | Hoʻohana maʻamau |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pūnaewele Music | Ikaika Kiekie & Ola luhi | Kūleʻa ʻino ʻino | ʻO nā mīkini i loko no ke kumu nui. |
| Kila kohu ʻole 302 | Kūleʻa ʻino maikaʻi loa | ʻOi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka Uea Mele | Nā mea lapaʻau, nā huahana waho, lako meaʻai. |
| Beryllium Copper[^1] | Hoʻokele uila | Uku Kiekie | Nā pilina pākahi, nā hoʻololi uila. |
Pehea ʻoe e wehewehe ai i nā ana no kahi kūpono kūpono?
Ua hiki mai nā laʻana o kāu puna liʻiliʻi, akā hiki ʻole ke hoʻokomo. Ke kū nei nā makau i ka ʻaoʻao hewa, a lōʻihi iki ka pūnāwai no ka hakahaka.
No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kūpono kūpono, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i kahi kaha kiʻi maopopo e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonohonoho hook (ka huina mawaena o lakou) a me ka loa noa. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia mau ana e like me ka uea a me ka coil diameters no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻokomo pono ʻana a me ka hana.
Hana kekahi o kā mākou mea kūʻai i nā mea uila liʻiliʻi. Ua kauoha nui lākou no kahi puna liʻiliʻi, but the drawing didn't specify the hook orientation. Ua hana mākou iā lākou me nā makau i kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa. He pule ma hope, Ua kāhea lākou iā mākou me ka hopohopo. ʻO kā lākou laina hui[^ 2] ua lohi i ka kolo ʻana no ka mea pono nā limahana e wili lima i kēlā me kēia puna liʻiliʻi i kahi kūpono ma mua o ke kau ʻana. He moeʻuhane ia no lākou. No kā lākou kauoha aʻe, ua hōʻano hou ʻia ke kaha kiʻi e hōʻike i nā makau ma kahi kihi pili 90-degere. Ua hāʻule pono nā pūnāwai hou, and their assembly speed went back to normal. ʻO kēlā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi ma ke kiʻi i hoʻopakele iā lākou i mau tausani kālā i nā koina hana.
ʻO nā helu koʻikoʻi no kāu kaha kiʻi
Hiki i ka mea hana ke hana i nā mea āu i wehewehe ai.
- Ana kino: ʻO kēia nā kumu: anawaena uwea, ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka ikaika, a me ke anawaena o waho o na wili, ka mea e hoʻoholo ai inā kūpono.
- Ka lōʻihi: Ana ʻia ka lōʻihi manuahi mai loko o kekahi makau a i loko o kekahi i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai ka pūnāwai. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ana nui loa no hoʻokomo[^ 3].
- Nā kikoʻī Hook: Ka wehe ʻana o ka makau (ka hakahaka) hoʻoholo i ka pili ʻana. 'Ōlelo hoʻopono hook[^4] (E.g., ma ka laina, 90 degere) he mea koʻikoʻi no ka hui ʻana. A clear drawing should show the hooks' relative positions.
| Anana | Why It's Important | Pehea e wehewehe ai |
|---|---|---|
| ʻO ka helu holoi | Controls the spring's strength. | E.g., "0.5mm" |
| Anawaena waho | E hōʻoia i ke kūpono o ka puna i loko o kona hale. | E.g., "4.0mm ±0.1mm" |
| Lōʻihi lōʻihi | Hoʻoholo i ka lōʻihi i hoʻokomo ʻia a me ka haʻalulu mua. | E.g., "25mm ±0.4mm" |
| Hoʻoholo Hook | Koʻikoʻi no ka maʻalahi o ka hui ʻana. | E.g., "Ma ka laina ma 0°" aiʻole "90°" |
Hopena
No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka puna liʻiliʻi kūpono me nā makau, e nānā i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano makau kūpono no ka lōʻihi, ka mea kūpono no ke kaiapuni, a me nā ana koʻikoʻi a pau ma ke kaha kiʻi maopopo.
[^1]: E ʻimi i nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa o Beryllium Copper a me kāna mau noi i nā ʻāpana uila.
[^ 2]: E ʻike i nā hoʻolālā e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka laina hui i ka wā e hana ai me nā pūnāwai liʻiliʻi.
[^ 3]: E ʻimi i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā pūnāwai no ka pale ʻana i nā pitfall maʻamau a hōʻoia i ka hilinaʻi.
[^4]: E ʻike i ka pili ʻana o ka hoʻonohonoho hook i ka hui a me ka hana ʻana i nā noi puna.