Pehea ʻoe e ana i kahi pūnāwai hoʻonui?

Pono ʻoe e kauoha i kahi puna wai pani, akā, ʻaʻole kūlike kāu mau ana. ʻO ke kauoha ʻana i ka ʻāpana hewa ʻo ia ka lohi nui, wasted money, a me ka mīkini i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia.

No ke ana pono ana i ka punawai hooloihi, pono ʻoe i ʻekolu anana kī: ka lōʻihi kūʻokoʻa (ana mai ka makau o loko a i ka makau o loko), ke anawaena o waho o na wili, a me ke anawaena uwea. Hoʻohana kikohoʻe calipers[^1] pono no ka pololei.

Ma luna o koʻu 14 makahiki i ka ʻoihana puna maʻamau, I've seen more projects delayed by incorrect measurements than by almost any other issue. E hoʻouna kekahi ʻenekinia i kahi kiʻi me nā ana i haʻalele ʻia ma kahi hapa o ka millimeter, akā hiki i kēlā hapa liʻiliʻi ke hoʻohana ʻole i ka puna hope loa. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau ana kumu ʻekolu mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻo ia ka hana nui loa i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a i ʻole ke pani ʻana i kahi pūnāwai. Let's go through each one so you can measure with confidence.

How Should You Measure an Extension Spring's Length?

Ua ana ʻoe i kāu pūnāwai mai ka piko o waho o kekahi makau a i waho o kekahi. Ua hiki mai ka punawai pani, but it's too long and feels loose when installed.

He kuhihewa maʻamau kēia. ʻO ke ala pololei e ana i ka "lōʻihi manuahi" o ka punawai hooloihi mai ka i loko o kekahi makau i ka i loko o kekahi. This represents the spring's length at rest before any load is applied.

ʻAʻole au e poina i kahi mea kūʻai aku i hana i nā lako mahiʻai. Pono lākou e pani i kahi pūnāwai koʻikoʻi i kahi ʻohi, a ua hāʻule ka mīkini i ka wā kiʻekiʻe. Ua holo nui lākou a hoʻouna mai iā mākou i nā ana i lawe ʻia mai waho o nā makau. Hana mākou i nā pūnāwai e like me kā lākou kaha kiʻi. I ka wā i kau ai lākou, ua lōʻihi loa nā pūnāwai a ua hāʻule, ka mea i hoʻopaʻa i ka mīkini. Pono mākou e wikiwiki i kahi hui hou, a ua lilo ko lakou manawa waiwai. Ua aʻo mai kēlā ʻike iaʻu e nānā pālua me nā mea kūʻai aku ma kēia ana kikoʻī. It's the baseline for everything.

No ke aha ʻo Inside-to-Inside ka maʻamau

This measurement method is the industry standard because it directly relates to the spring's performance. Heluhelu a pau no puna puna[^ 2] a kau ʻia ka ukana ma luna o ka mamao huakaʻi, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka lōʻihi manuahi.

• Wehewehe i ka Lae Zero: The inside-to-inside length is the spring's true length before any stretching force is applied.
• E hōʻoia i ka pololei o ka helu ʻana: Ke helu ʻoe i ka lōʻihi o ka hele ʻana o ka pūnāwai (Hoʻonui ʻia ka lōʻihi - Lōʻihi lōʻihi), hoʻohana i ka pololei lōʻihi lōʻihi[^ 3] mea koʻikoʻi no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waiwai hoʻouka pololei. ʻO ke ana ʻana mai waho e hoʻohui i ʻelua anawaena uwea ʻē aʻe i ka lōʻihi, ka mea e hoolei aku i kou mau helu ikaika.

What's the Right Way to Measure the Diameter?

Ua ana ʻoe i ke anawaena o loko o nā ʻōwili. Ua hiki mai ka punawai hou, but it's too wide and won't fit into the designated channel in your product's housing.

Loaʻa kēia pilikia no ka mea ʻo ka maʻamau o ka ʻoihana e kuhikuhi i nā pūnāwai e kā lākou Anawaena waho (NO). The OD is the spring's widest point and is the critical measurement for ensuring the spring has proper clearance to move without rubbing or binding.

Ua hana au me kahi hui e hoʻolālā ana i kahi mea uila paʻa kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai kahi pūnāwai hoʻonui liʻiliʻi e hoʻihoʻi i kahi uhi paheʻe.. Ua kuhikuhi lākou i ka Anawaena o loko (ID) no ka mea, pono ka punawai ma luna o kahi pou alakaʻi liʻiliʻi. Akā naʻe,, paʻa loa ko lākou hoʻolālā hale. I ka wā i hana ai mākou i ka pūnāwai i kā lākou kikoʻī ID, ʻo ka OD i loaʻa mai ua ʻoi aku ka nui i hiki ke komo i loko o ke kahawai hale. ʻO ka uhi e pipili a wili. Pono mākou e hoʻoponopono i ka nui o ka uea a me ka helu o nā coils e hana i kahi hoʻolālā hou e hoʻokō i kā lākou koi ID no ka pou a me ke koi koʻikoʻi OD no ka hale.. Ua aʻo mai kēia iaʻu e nīnau mau e pili ana i ka ʻae ʻana.

ʻO ke anawaena o waho ke kī no ke kūpono

ʻOiai ka Anawaena o loko (ID) he mea nui inā pili ka puna ma luna o ke koʻokoʻo, ʻO ka OD ka mea e hoʻoholo ai inā kūpono i loko he hakahaka. No keia kumu, ua lilo ia i ka pae honua.

• Hōʻoiaʻiʻo Hoʻomaʻemaʻe: ʻO ka OD ke ana āu e nānā ai i ka lua a i ʻole ke kahawai e holo ai ka pūnāwai. Pono ka pūnāwai i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi e hoʻonui ai a hoʻopaʻa me ka ʻole o ka friction.
• Kūlike i ke ana: ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ana pololei a hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia o ka OD me calipers[^1] ma mua o ke ana ʻana i ka ID.
• Helu ana i na anawaena e ae: Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi OD pololei a anawaena uwea[^4], ka Anawaena Mean (ʻO D) a me ka Anawaena o loko (ID) hiki ke helu maʻalahi. ID = OD - (2 × Wire Diameter).

Pehea ʻoe e ana pono ai i ke anawaena Uea?

Ua hoʻohana ʻoe i ka lula a i ʻole ke ana lipine no ke koho ʻana i ka nui uea. ʻOi loa ka ikaika o ka pūnāwai i loaʻa iā ʻoe no ka mea, ʻo ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ke ana ʻana i hopena i kahi uea ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa.

'Ōlelo anawaena uwea[^4] is the most critical dimension for a spring's performance. Pono ʻoe e ana me ia nā calipers kikohoʻe[^5]S](https://www.penntoolco.com/blog/the-different-types-of-calipers-and-their-uses-in-precision-measurement/?srsltid=AfmBOorcMFECtyqV0o61gihn_Y5_py6TK0PCCSEwjyLFWivJ1aOOHC-N)[^1] ma kahi kihi 90-degere i ka uwea. Since it's used to the 4th power in the puna puna[^ 2] ʻōhua, ʻo kahi hapa liʻiliʻi he hopena nui i ka ʻoʻoleʻa.

ʻO kēia ke ana kahi ʻaʻohe wahi no ka hewa. Loaʻa iaʻu kahi mea kūʻai aku ma ka ʻoihana kaʻa e hana prototyping i kahi mīkini latch hou. Ua hoʻouna mai lākou iā mākou i kahi kiʻi me kahi anawaena uwea[^4] o 1.5mm. Hana mākou i nā ʻāpana. Ua nāwaliwali loa lākou. Ma hope o ka huikau nui, ua ana hou lakou i ka laana mua a lakou e hoao nei e kope a ike i ka uwea he 1.8mm maoli. ʻO kēlā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi 0.3mm ka hopena i kahi pūnāwai ʻaneʻane pālua ka ikaika! Ma muli o kēlā hewa ana liʻiliʻi, Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kā lākou papa hana prototyping holoʻokoʻa e ʻelua pule. I kēia manawa, Haʻi mau wau i kaʻu mau mea kūʻai aku: inā hiki iā ʻoe ke ana pono i hoʻokahi mea, e hana i ke anawaena uwea.

No ke aha ʻaʻole hiki ke kūkākūkā ʻia ka pololei

ʻO ka pilina ma waena anawaena uwea[^4] a he exponential ka helu puna. This means that a small change in wire size creates a big change in force.

• The Power of Four: The spring rate formula (k = Gd⁴ / 8D³Na) shows that the anawaena uwea[^4] (d) is raised to the fourth power. This gives it far more influence over the final stiffness than any other variable.
• Use the Right Tool: A ruler is not accurate enough. You must use calipers or a micrometer to get a precise reading.
• Check for Consistency: It's good practice to measure the wire in a few different spots along the spring's body to check for any inconsistencies, although this is rare with high-quality spring wire.

Hopena

To avoid costly errors, measure an extension spring's free length inside the hooks, kona anawaena waho, a me kona anawaena uwea me calipers[^1]. ʻO kēia mau ana kikoʻī ʻekolu wale nō kāu e pono ai.

[^1]: E ʻike i nā calipers e hāʻawi i ka pololei maikaʻi loa no ke ana ʻana i nā ana puna.
[^ 2]: E aʻo e pili ana i ka pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o ke anawaena uea a me ka helu puna no ka hana maikaʻi loa.
[^ 3]: He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ana pololei ʻana i ka lōʻihi manuahi no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke kūpono kūpono a me ka hana o kāu pūnāwai.
[^4]: E ʻike i nā hana maikaʻi loa no ke ana ʻana i ke anawaena uea e pale aku i nā hewa kumukūʻai i ka hana puna.
[^5]: E ʻimi pehea e hoʻonui ai nā calipers kikohoʻe i ka pololei o ke ana, e hōʻoia ana i kou pūnāwai e kūpono pono.