Wave spring washers su ne na kwarai aka gyara, musamman injiniya don amfani da madaidaicin ƙarfin bazara. Lokacin da yazo don tallafawa da haɓaka aikin bearings, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, da farko ta hanyar bayarwa axial preload.
WAVE SPRING WASHERS DON GAME: Gidauniyar Daidaitawa da Tsawon Rayuwa
Bearings sune mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin kusan duk injinan jujjuyawa, kunna santsi, ƙananan motsi. Duk da haka, don yin aiki a mafi girman aikinsu, rage hayaniya, tsawaita rayuwa, da kiyaye daidaito, yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan suna buƙatar takamaiman adadin axial preload. A nan ne masu wankin ruwan bazara ke haskakawa.
Menene Ƙaddamarwa Preload kuma Me yasa ake buƙata?
Ci gaba da lodi shine aikace-aikacen ƙarfin axial da aka sarrafa zuwa wani ɗaki yayin taro. Wannan ƙarfin yana tabbatar da cewa abubuwa masu juyawa (kwallaye ko rollers) kula da daidaitaccen hulɗa tare da jinsin ciki da na waje, ko da lokacin da ba a yi amfani da radial na waje ko axial ba.
Bukatar riga-kafi ya taso daga abubuwa da yawa:
- Kawar da Axial Play (Ƙarshen Wasa): Ba tare da riga-kafi ba, bearings na iya samun ƙaramin adadin "slop" ko sharewa tare da shaft axis. Wannan wasan axial zai iya haifar da rawar jiki, hayaniya, da madaidaicin matsayi na abubuwan juyawa.
- Ƙara Rigidity da Taurin kai: Preloading yana daure taro mai ɗaukar nauyi, yana sa ya zama mai juriya ga jujjuyawa a ƙarƙashin kaya. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaito mai girma, kamar mashin kayan aikin na'ura ko haɗin gwiwar robotic.
- Rage Vibration da Surutu: Ta hanyar tabbatar da tuntuɓar juna, preload yana hana abubuwan da ke jujjuyawa daga tsalle-tsalle ko tashin hankali a cikin tseren, muhimmanci rage maras so vibration da amo.
- Ingantacciyar Jagorar Abubuwan Juyawa: Preload yana taimakawa wajen daidaita abubuwan da ke jujjuyawa da kyau a cikin tseren, musamman a lokacin canje-canje a cikin shugabanci ko nauyin radial mai haske. Wannan yana hana tsalle-tsalle da rashin daidaituwa.
- Tsawaita Rayuwa: Ta hanyar hana mirgina kashi, rage tasirin tasiri, da kuma tabbatar da ko da kaya rarraba, ɗorawa mai kyau na iya ƙara ƙarfin gajiyar rayuwa. Yana hana brinelling (indentations a kan tseren) da damuwa lalata.
- Diyya don Faɗawa / Kwangila ta thermal: A aikace-aikace tare da yanayin zafi daban-daban, aka gyara ta halitta fadada da kwangila. Mai wankin igiyar igiyar ruwa na iya ci gaba da ɗaukar nauyi mai tsayi duk da waɗannan canje-canjen.
- Haƙuri diyya: Haƙuri na masana'antu yana nufin cewa ma'auni na sassa ba su taɓa cika cikakke ba. Mai wankin igiyar ruwa na iya ɗaukar waɗannan ƙananan bambance-bambancen, tabbatar da daidaiton aiki daga taro zuwa taro.
Ta yaya Wave Spring Washers ke Ba da Preloading Preload
Wave spring washers sun dace sosai don ɗaukar aikace-aikacen da aka riga aka yi amfani da su saboda keɓaɓɓen fasalulluka:
- Axial Space Savings: Wannan galibi shine direban farko. Majalisun masu ɗaukar nauyi suna da yawa, tare da iyakataccen sarari tare da shaft. Wave washers cimma da ake bukata spring karfi a muhimmanci ƙasa da axial tsawon (sau da yawa 50% ko ƙasa da haka) fiye da maɓuɓɓugan murɗa na gargajiya.
- Sarrafa & Ƙarfin da ya dace: An tsara masu wanki don samar da takamaiman, Ƙarfin bazara mai tsinkaya a ƙayyadadden matsawa (tsayin aiki). Wannan yana bawa injiniyoyi damar ƙididdige ƙarfin da ake buƙata da masu ɗaukar nauyi.
- Maɗaukakin Preload: Sabanin m shims (wanda ke ba da a tsaye, kafaffen preload), mai wankin igiyar ruwa yana ba da ɗorewa mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya daidaitawa zuwa ƙananan canje-canje saboda girgiza, thermal fadada / kwangila, ko sawa.
- Girgiza kai & Abun Jijjiga: Ayyukan bazara na mai wanki yana taimakawa wajen datse ƙananan girgiza da girgizar da za a iya yadawa kai tsaye zuwa ga abin hawa., kare abubuwan birgima da tsere.
- Sauƙaƙe Majalisar: Haɗa wankin igiyar igiyar ruwa guda ɗaya ya fi sauƙi fiye da kyalkyali ko amfani da ingantattun hanyoyin daidaitawa, rage lokacin taro da farashi.
Mahimman Abubuwan La'akari don Zaɓin Wave Spring Washer don Bearings
Lokacin zabar magudanar ruwa na magudanar ruwa musamman don aikace-aikacen preload mai ɗaukar nauyi, dole ne a yi la'akari da abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa:
- Ƙarfin ɗorawa da ake buƙata: Wannan shi ne babba. Masu masana'anta galibi suna ƙididdige madaidaicin kewayon ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi don ɗaukar nauyinsu (E.g., a cikin Newtons ko Pounds-force). Mai wanki dole iya isar da wannan runduna a lokacin da take aiki (aiki) tsawo.
- Diamita na ciki (ID) & Diamita na waje (Na):
- The ID na mai wanki dole ne ya fi girma fiye da diamita na shaft DA tseren ciki na OD don hana shi lalata tseren ciki ko kafadar shaft.
- The Na dole ne ya zama ƙarami fiye da ID ɗin ɗaki na gidaje ko tseren waje OD don dacewa da kyau a cikin taron kuma kada ya tsoma baki tare da tseren waje ko gidaje.
- Sau da yawa, mai wankin igiyar ruwa zai matsawa tseren waje na OD ko zobe mai riƙewa wanda ke gano tseren waje.
- Tsayin Aiki da sarari Akwai:
- Tsawon Kyauta (FH): Tsayin mara nauyi.
- Tsawon Aiki (WH): Tsayin da za a matsawa mai wanki a cikin ainihin taron, isar da ƙarfin da ake buƙata don ɗauka. Wannan yana da mahimmanci.
- Tsawon Tsayi (SH): Tsawon lokacin da aka daidaita sosai. Mai wanki ya kamata taba kai tsayin tsayi a cikin aiki, kamar yadda wannan zai sanya wuce kima, damuwa mara ƙarfi akan ɗaukar nauyi kuma kawar da aikin bazara.
- Tabbatar cewa akwai sararin axial a cikin taron ku yana ba da damar mai wanki don matsawa zuwa tsayin aikinsa ba tare da yin ƙarfi ba.
- Zabin Abinci:
- Bakin karfe (302, 316, 17-7 PH): Mafi na kowa. 302/316 yana ba da juriya mai kyau na lalata. 17-7 PH yana ba da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kuma mafi kyawun juriya na zafin jiki har zuwa ~ 340 ° C (650°F).
- Carbon Spring Karfe: Na tattalin arziki, amma kasa da juriya. Sau da yawa mai rufi.
- Inconel X-750: Don matsananciyar yanayin zafi ko yanayi mai lalacewa sosai.
- Yi la'akari da kewayon zafin aiki da duk wasu abubuwa masu lalata a cikin mahalli.
- Rayuwar gajiya: Don injunan ci gaba da aiki, mai wanki dole ne ya jure miliyoyin zagayowar matsawa. Kayan aiki masu inganci da raƙuman ruwa da aka tsara da kyau suna ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawan rayuwar gajiya. Tuntuɓi bayanan masana'anta don zagayowar da ake tsammani.
- Yawan Raƙuman ruwa: Yawanci 3 ku 6 taguwar ruwa don wanki mai juyi-juya. Ƙarin raƙuman ruwa suna ƙara kewayon karkatarwa da sassauci; ƙananan raƙuman ruwa suna ba da ƙimar bazara mafi girma.
- Manufacturer's Data: Always consult the specific wave washer manufacturer's catalog or engineering data. Suna ba da ƙayyadaddun maƙallan kaya (Karfi vs. Kalla kamu) da girma ga kowane lambar sashi.
Yanayin Shigarwa Na Musamman
Wave spring washers yawanci ana shigar da su a cikin sauƙi mai sauƙi:
- Tsakanin Gasar Waje da Tafarkin Gida/Rufe Plate: Mafi na kowa saitin. Mai wanki yana tura axially akan tseren waje, wanda sai ya watsa karfi ta hanyar kwallaye zuwa tseren ciki. tseren ciki yawanci ana kiyaye shi zuwa sandar ta hanyar dacewa ko kafada.
- Tsakanin Gasar Waje da Zoben Riƙewa: Kama da na sama, amma zobe mai riƙewa (zoben karye, karkace rike zobe) yana riƙe tseren waje, kuma mai wanki yana zaune tsakanin tseren da zobe.
- Tsakanin tseren Ciki da Kafadar Shaft/Nut: Kasa gama gari, amma mai yiwuwa, Inda mai wanki ya tunkuda tseren ciki don yin lodin shi a kan madaidaicin wuri akan shaft.
(Ka yi tunanin zane-zanen giciye a nan: Shaft tare da zoben ciki na ƙwallo, mai wankin igiyar ruwa na waje yana turawa da zoben waje, wanda ya saba wa matakin gidaje ko zoben riƙewa.)
Fa'idodi akan Wasu Hanyoyi Masu Sauƙaƙewa
- Idan aka kwatanta da Coil Springs: Mahimmanci ƙasa da sarari axial da ake buƙata don kwatankwacin ƙarfi da jujjuyawa. Maɓuɓɓugan ruwan nada galibi suna da girma sosai.
- Idan aka kwatanta da Belleville Washers: Yayinda Belleville washers na iya ba da kaya masu yawa a cikin ƙananan wurare, lodin su vs. lanƙwan karkacewa na iya zama mai tsananin muni ko marar layi a wasu jeri. Wave Wave yawanci suna ba da ƙarin layin layi da sarrafa ƙarancin ƙarfin bazara, wanda sau da yawa ya fi dacewa don ɗaukar nauyin farko. Hakanan ba su da sauƙi don "tafi da ƙarfi" da kuma overstressing da kai.
- Idan aka kwatanta da Shims: Shims suna ba da babban abin hawa, ma'ana ba za su iya ramawa don haɓakar thermal ba, bambancin haƙuri, ko sawa. Wave Wave suna ba da ramuwa mai ƙarfi.
Ƙarshe
Wave spring washers suna da mahimmanci don haɓaka aikin haɓaka. Ta hanyar samar da daidaito, preload axial mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙaramin sarari, suna yadda ya kamata kawar da wasan ƙarshe, rage girgiza da hayaniya, ƙara aiki rigidity, da kuma tsawaita tsawon rayuwar majalisu masu mahimmanci. Ga kowane aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaito, dogara, da tsawon rai daga abubuwan da ke jujjuyawa, Zaɓin madaidaicin magudanar ruwa don ɗaukar preload ƙaramar yanke shawara ce ta injiniya mai tasiri.