extension SPRING FACTORY
extension SPRING FACTORY

Tension Spring Design Guide

Tension Spring Overview

Tension springs are designed to store and release energy when stretched. They are commonly used to pull components together, providing a counterforce to stretching. The spring’s primary functionality is based on its ability to return to its original shape after being stretched, utilizing hooks or loops at the ends for attachment.


Key Design Parameters for Tension Springs

  1. Spring Length:

    • (a) Free Length: Length of the spring when not under tension.
    • (b) Total Length: Includes the coil and end hooks.
    • (c) Initial Tension: Preload force required to separate the coils.
  2. Controlling Diameter:

    • Outer Diameter (OD): Ensures proper installation clearance.
    • Inner Diameter (ID): Provides space for internal components.
    • Clearance Between Coils: Distance between coils in their natural state.
  3. Material Specifications:

    • Spring materials include carbon steel, stainless steel, and special alloys.
  4. Coil Count:

    • Number of active and total coils influencing flexibility and strength.
  5. Ends Configuration:

    • Options include single or double loops, right or left-hand orientation.
  6. Stretch Length:

    • Determines the extent to which the spring can be elongated under load.
  7. Load and Stress Parameters:

    • Establish the maximum load capacity and stress to avoid material failure.
  8. Hook Design:

    • Customize hook shapes based on application requirements for durability and stability.

Tension Spring Features

  • Elasticity and Resilience: These springs are preloaded to provide resistance even without external force.
  • Compact Design: Suitable for tight spaces, offering efficient performance.
  • Precision Manufacturing: Ensures dimensional accuracy and load consistency.
  • Material Durability: Springs are treated for corrosion resistance and fatigue endurance.

Applications of Tension Springs

Tension springs are widely used across industries for various applications:

  • Transportation: Automotive and railway suspension systems.
  • Machinery: Industrial equipment and tools.
  • Electronics: Mechanical components in devices.
  • Consumer Products: Appliances, fitness equipment, and toys.
  • Aerospace: Aircraft control systems and mechanisms.

Springs may also be customized with coatings, such as zinc plating, for enhanced corrosion resistance.


Tension Spring Design Formula

  1. Spring Rate (k):

    • k=G⋅d4/(8⋅D3⋅N)k = G \cdot d^4 / (8 \cdot D^3 \cdot N), where:
    • GG: Material’s shear modulus.
    • dd: Wire diameter.
    • DD: Mean coil diameter.
    • NN: Number of active coils.
  2. Force Formula (F):

    • F=k⋅(Stretch Length)F = k \cdot (\text{Stretch Length}).

For instance:

  • Stainless steel springs have G=7,300G = 7,300 N/mm², while carbon steel springs use G=8,000G = 8,000 N/mm².

Tension Spring Manufacturing Process

  1. Material Selection:
    • Based on performance and environmental requirements.
  2. Coiling:
    • Shaping the wire into helical coils.
  3. Heat Treatment:
    • Enhances strength and durability.
  4. Surface Finishing:
    • Adds protective coatings (e.g., zinc plating).
  5. Packaging:
    • Ensures safe handling and delivery.

Inspection Tools

  • Micrometers: For precise dimensional measurements.
  • Calipers: Verify diameter and length.
  • Load Testing Machines: Assess spring strength and stretch capacity.

By following this guide, engineers can design and produce tension springs that meet specific application requirements while ensuring reliability and durability.

Customize Your Extension Spring Now

Eskatu aurrekontua azkar bat

Barruan jarriko gara zurekin harremanetan 1 laneguna.

Open chat
Hello 👋
Can we help you?